Table 4.
Bioactive compounds and in vitro bioactivity profile of hemp by-products (Means ± SD).
| Hemp by-product | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seed | Oil | Cake | Inflorescence | |
| Phenolics (mg/kg DM) | ||||
| Condensed tannins | 1.10 ± 0.04 | – | 1.64 ± 1.87 | |
| Catechin | – | 498 ± 35.9 | 0.05 ± 0.03 | 51.1 ± 48.4 |
| N-trans-caffeoyltyramine | 490 ± 484 | 152 ± 11.2 | – | 38.2 ± 53.8 |
| p-hydroxybenzoic acid | 21.0 ± 12.7 | 78.6 ± 8.00 | 0.002 ± 0.001 | – |
| Cannabisin A | 1,051 ± 764 | – | – | 1.44 ± 2.02 |
| Cannabisin B | – | 64.9 ± 1.94 | – | 0.45 ± 0.07 |
| Cannabisin C | – | – | – | 0.19 ± 0.27 |
| ferulic acid | – | 47.4 ± 5.37 | – | 19.3 ± 23.1 |
| Protocatechuic acid | 10.0 ± 8.49 | 28.2 ± 2.47 | – | – |
| TPC (mg GAE/g) | 26.2 ± 36.0 | 1.23 ± 0.69 | 1.35 ± 1.87 | 31.5 ± 29.7 |
| Tocopherols (mg/100g) | ||||
| γ-tocopherol | 1,239 ± 1,076 | 516 ± 400 | 358 ± 28.9 | – |
| α-tocopherol | 44.1 ± 3.54 | 16.1 ± 5.33 | 29.7 ± 2.76 | – |
| δ-tocopherol | 281 ± 427 | 12.0 ± 4.00 | 11.3 ± 13.6 | – |
| Fatty acid (% Total FA) | ||||
| Palmitic acid | 6.19 ± 2.12 | 6.44 ± 1.99 | 7.54 ± 1.02 | – |
| Stearic acid | 2.61 ± 0.89 | 2.75 ± 0.84 | 3.21 ± 0.55 | – |
| Oleic acid | 11.6 ± 4.49 | 12.2 ± 4.49 | 12.7 ± 0.39 | – |
| Linoleic acid | 48.8 ± 17.6 | 50.2 ± 17.0 | 54.6 ± 1.56 | – |
| γ-linolenic | 2.61 ± 1.14 | 2.60 ± 1.16 | 2.97 ± 0.19 | – |
| α-linolenic | 14.9 ± 6.35 | 15.2 ± 6.47 | 17.2 ± 2.33 | – |
| Total polyunsaturated fatty acid | 66.7 ± 24.5 | 68.3 ± 22.7 | 75.4 ± 6.61 | – |
| Antioxidant capacity | ||||
| DPPH (% inhibition) | 45.8 ± 8.13 | 46.8 ± 0.00 | 31.1 ± 32.4 | 52.6 ± 35.4 |
| ORAC (μmol TE/g) | 127 ± 5.0 | – | 28.2 ± 6.19 | – |