Table 2.
Participant, study, and intervention characteristics.
| References (country) | N (F) | Age (years) mean (SD); range | Recruitment source | Health condition | Design Control | FU (month) | Intervention media | Attrition* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Children with cancer: visual media | ||||||||
| Khodabakhshi Koolaee et al. (2016) (Iran) | 30 (16) | 10.3 (NR); 8–12 | Oncology unit | Leukemia | CCT TAU |
1 | Visual art | NR |
| Abdulah and Abdulla (2018) (Iraq) | 60 (25) | 9.5 (2); 7–13 | Oncology unit | Heterogeneity of malignancies | RCT TAU |
0 | Visual art | 1 |
| Children with cancer: music media | ||||||||
| Robb (2000) (USA) | 10 (NR) | NR; 4–11 | Oncology isolation | Cancer | Within-subjectdesign | 0 | Music | NR |
| Barrera et al. (2002) (Canada) | 65 (33) | 7 (4.8); 0.5–17 | Hematology oncology unit | Heterogeneity of malignancies | Cohort | 0 | Music | 5 |
| Colwell et al. (2005) (USA) | 24 (9) | 12 (NR); 7–18 | Inpatient unit | >75% cancer | CCT TAU (art) |
0 | Music | 0 |
| Robb et al. (2008) (USA) | 83 (NR) | (NR); 4–7 | Inpatient oncology 6 sites |
Cancer | RCT music listening; audio-storybooks |
0 | Music | NR |
| Giordano et al. (2020) (Italy) | 48 (NR) | (NR); 2–13 | Oncology and hematology ward | Cancer | CCT TAU |
0 | Music | NR |
| 19 | Medical staff | |||||||
| Children with cancer: composite arts-based therapies (music, movement, and art) and virtual reality play therapy | ||||||||
| Madden et al. (2010) (USA) | 18 (4) | 5.3 (NR); 2–13 | Outpatient oncology; chemotherapy infusion | Cancer | RCT Attention |
0 | Music, movement and visual | 2 |
| 32 (14) | 8.3 (NR); 3–21 | Cohort | 0 | |||||
| Service providers | Focus groups | 12 | ||||||
| Li et al. (2011) (Hong Kong) | 122 (57) | 12 (2); 8–16 | Pediatric oncology ward | Cancer | Quasi-experimental TAU |
0 | Virtual reality play | 8 |
| Children with blood disorders and other health conditions: visual media | ||||||||
| Beebe et al. (2010) (USA) | 22 (NR) | NR; 7–14 | Specialist school clinic | Asthma | CCT Wait list |
6 | Visual art | 0 |
| Stafstrom et al. (2012) (USA) | 16 (10) | 12.8 (2.9); 7–18 | Pediatric neurology clinics | Epilepsy | Cohort | 0 | Visual art | NR |
| MacDonald et al. (2019) (Canada) | 12 (10) | 17.75 (NR); 15–21 | Provincial diabetes program | Diabetes | Cohort | 0 | Visual art | 5 |
| Children with blood disorders and other health conditions: music media and play therapy | ||||||||
| Colwell et al. (2013) (USA) | 32 (17) | 11 (3); 6–17 | Inpatient unit | Cancer, sickle-cell disease, accidents, infections | CCT (3 groups) Music listening and composition |
0 | Music | NR |
| Robb et al. (2014) (USA) | 113 (47) | 11–24 | Multi-site (8 sites) | HSCT | RCT Audio-books |
3 | Music | NR |
| Tomaj et al. (2016) (Iran) | 60 (30) | 9.50 (1.74); 7–11 |
Thalassemia units 2 hospitals |
ThalassemiaMajor | RCT TAU |
1 | Play | 2 |
| Uggla et al. (2018) (Sweden) | 29 (15) | 0–17 (6.6) | Hospital | HSCT | RCT Wait list |
6 | Music | 9 |
N, number of participants; F, female; CCT, controlled clinical trial; NR, not reported; RCT, randomized controlled trial; C, control; TAU, treatment as usual; FU, follow-up; HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplant.
*
Intervention group.