Table 4.
Descriptive statistics, internal construct validity and reliability
| Corrected item-total correlationa | Mean score (SD)a | Response distribution of individual itemsb | Combined disagree | Combined agree | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Totally disagree | Disagree | Slightly disagree | Neutral | Slight agree | Agree | Totally agree | ||||||
| Reliability and effectiveness | 20.76 (4.34) | |||||||||||
| 1 | Condoms are an effective method of birth control | 0.71 | 4.50 (1.16) | 0 (0%) | 36 (7.2%) | 64 (12.8%) | 109 (21.8%) | 203 (40.6%) | 80 (16.0%) | 8 (1.6%) | 100 (20.0%) | 291 (58.2%) |
| 2 | The condom is a highly satisfactory form of contraception | 0.70 | 4.44 (1.15) | 4 (8%) | 34 (6.8%) | 61 (12.2%) | 124 (24.8%) | 197 (39.4%) | 78 (15.6%) | 2 (0.4%) | 99 (19.8%) | 277 (55.4%) |
| 3 | I think condoms are an excellent means of contraception | 0.64 | 4.45 (1.03) | 0 (0%) | 23 (4.6%) | 60 (12.0%) | 157 (31.4%) | 193 (38.6%) | 63 (12.6%) | 4 (0.8%) | 83 (16.6%) | 260 (52.0%) |
| 4c | Condoms are unreliable | 0.63 | 3.59 (1.14) | 4 (0.8%) | 35 (7.0%) | 39 (7.8%) | 195 (39.0%) | 133 (26.6%) | 91 (18.2%) | 3 (0.6%) | 78 (15.6%) | 227 (45.4%) |
| 5c | Condoms do not offer reliable protection | 0.55 | 3.78 (1.06) | 3 (0.6%) | 41 (8.2%) | 48 (9.6%) | 204 (40.8%) | 158 (31.6%) | 45 (9.0%) | 1 (0.2%) | 92 (18.4%) | 204 (40.8%) |
| Cronbach’s alpha coefficienta | 0.84 | |||||||||||
| Displeasure | 6.43 (1.74) | |||||||||||
| 7c | Condoms ruin the sex act | 0.48 | 3.20 (1.00) | 2 (0.4%) | 8 (1.6%) | 37 (7.4%) | 124 (24.8%) | 211 (42.2%) | 108 (21.6%) | 10 (2.0%) | 47 (9.4%) | 329 (65.8%) |
| 8c | Condoms are uncomfortable for both partners | 0.48 | 3.23 (1.02) | 2 (0.4%) | 15 (3.0%) | 29 (5.8%) | 129 (25.8%) | 206 (41.2%) | 113 (22.6%) | 6 (1.2%) | 46 (9.2%) | 325 (65.0%) |
| Cronbach’s alpha coefficienta | 0.65 | |||||||||||
| Excitement | 7.94 91.65 | |||||||||||
| 9 | Condoms are a lot of fun | 061 | 3.96 (0.85) | 6 (1.2%) | 28 (5.6%) | 63 (12.6%) | 298 (59.6%) | 94 (18.8%) | 11 (2.2%) | 0 (0%) | 97 (19.4%) | 105(21.0%) |
| 10c | The use of a condom is an interruption of foreplay | 0.61 | 3.98 (0.97) | 1 (0.2%) | 13 (2.6%) | 127 (25.4%) | 248 (49.6%) | 66 (13.2%) | 37 (7.4%) | 8 (1.6%) | 141 (28.2%) | 111 (22.2%) |
| Cronbach’s alpha coefficienta | 0.76 | |||||||||||
| Identity stigma | 26.55 (3.57) | |||||||||||
| 11c | Men who suggest using a condom are really boring | 0.58 | 5.39 (0.94) | 29 (5.8%) | 232 (46.4%) | 171 (34.2%) | 48 (9.6%) | 12 (2.4%) | 8 (1.6%) | 0 (0%) | 432 (86.4%) | 20(4.0%) |
| 12c | If a couple is about to have sex and the man suggests using a condom, it is less likely that they will have sex | 0.67 | 5.28 (0.95) | 22 (4.4%) | 213 (42.6%) | 181 (36.2%) | 60 (12.0%) | 17 (3.4%) | 7 (1.4%) | 0 (0%) | 416 (83.2%) | 24 (4.8%) |
| 13c | Women think men who use condoms are jerks | 0.61 | 5.40 (0.90) | 32 (6.4%) | 227 (45.4%) | 164 (32.8%) | 64 (12.8%) | 12 (2.4%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.2%) | 423 (84.6%) | 13 (2.6%) |
| 14c | A woman who suggests using a condom does not trust her partner | 0.59 | 5.21 (1.00) | 27 (5.4%) | 189 (37.8%) | 179 (35.8%) | 78 (15.6%) | 21 (4.2%) | 4 (0.8%) | 2 (0.4%) | 395 (79.0%) | 27 (5.4%) |
| 15c | People who suggest condom use are a little bit geeky | 0.55 | 5.27 (0.92) | 30 (6.0%) | 192 (38.4%) | 178 (35.6%) | 85 (17.0%) | 13 (2.6%) | 2 (0.4%) | 0 (0%) | 400 (80.0%) | 15 (3.0%) |
| Cronbach’s alpha coefficienta | 0.81 | |||||||||||
| Embarrassment about negotiation | 18.80 (3.10) | |||||||||||
| 16c | When I suggest using a condom I am almost always embarrassed | 0.50 | 4.59 (1.07) | 10 (2.0%) | 98 (19.6%) | 153 (30.6%) | 166 (33.2%) | 61 (12.2%) | 11 (2.2%) | 1 (0.2%) | 261 (52.2%) | 73 (14.6%) |
| 17c | It is really hard to bring up the issue of using condoms to my partner | 0.60 | 4.71 (1.01) | 12 (2.4%) | 104 (20.8%) | 168 (33.6%) | 166 (33.2%) | 43 (8.6%) | 7 (1.4%) | 0 (0%) | 284 (58.6%) | 50 (10.0%) |
| 18 | It is easy to suggest to my partner that we use a condom | 0.53 | 4.77 (1.05) | 0 (0%) | 16 (3.2%) | 26 (5.2%) | 164 (32.8%) | 153 (30.6%) | 133 (26.6%) | 8 (1.6%) | 42 (8.4%) | 294 (58.8%) |
| 19 | I’m comfortable talking about condom with my partner | 0.54 | 4.73 (0.98) | 1 (0.2%) | 11 (2.2%) | 21 (4.2%) | 178 (35.6%) | 174 (34.8%) | 106 (21.2%) | 9 (1.8%) | 33 (6.6%) | 289 (57.8%) |
| Cronbach’s alpha coefficienta | 0.75 | |||||||||||
| Embarrassment about purchase | 18.55 (3.93) | |||||||||||
| 21c | It is very embarrassing to buy condoms | 0.68 | 3.77 (1.08) | 2 (0.4%) | 23 (4.6%) | 88 (17.6%) | 202 (40.4%) | 121 (24.2%) | 56 (11.2%) | 8 (1.6%) | 113 (22.6%) | 185 (37.0%) |
| 22c | When I need condoms I often dread having to get them | 0.66 | 3.91 (1.10) | 8 (1.6%) | 29 (5.8%) | 85 (17.0%) | 223 (44.6%) | 106 (21.2%) | 42 (8.4%) | 7 (1.4%) | 122 (24.4%) | 155 (31.0%) |
| 23 | I don’t think that buying condoms is awkward | 0.38 | 3.75 (1.05) | 1 (0.2%) | 61 (12.2%) | 123 (24.6%) | 228 (45.6%) | 51 (10.2%) | 34 (6.8%) | 2 (0.4%) | 185 (37.0%) | 87 (17.4%) |
| 24c | It would be embarrassing to be seen buying condoms in a store | 0.56 | 3.24 (1.13) | 1 (0.2%) | 17 (3.4%) | 32 (6.4%) | 173 (34.6%) | 119 (23.8%) | 143 (28.6%) | 15 (3.0%) | 50 (10.0%) | 277 (55.4%) |
| 25c | I always feel really uncomfortable when I buy condoms | 0.57 | 3.88 (0.96) | 1 (0.2%) | 24 (4.8%) | 73 (14.6%) | 273 (54.6%) | 76 (15.2%) | 51 (10.2%) | 2 (0.4%) | 98 (19.6%) | 129 (25.8%) |
| Cronbach’s alpha coefficienta | 0.79 | |||||||||||
Item 6 and 20 were removed because of the result of exploratory factor analysis
SD Standard deviation
aFor Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, corrected item-total correlations and the mean scores, all reversed items were recoded. Higher scores indicate a more positive attitude towards condom use.
bThe response distribution of each individual item before the reserved items were recoded.
cItems are reverse scored