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. 2020 Oct 9;11:436. doi: 10.1186/s13287-020-01930-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Mechanical properties of different hydrogels with or without cells. a Compressive stress-strain curve. b Young’s modulus calculated from the stress-strain curve. The chart reveals a significantly higher Young’s modulus in the Alg gel containing either both fresh-PL-20% /CS1% or only one of them when compared to Alg hydrogel with or without cells. No significant difference was observed in cell free hydrogels compared with cell containing hydrogels (*, ^# presented a statistically significant difference compared to other groups in both conditions with or without cells (p ≤ 0.05)). c Rheological measurements of four different hydrogels. d Calculated elastic (G′) and viscous (G″) modulus at 0.1% strain. The results indicated significantly higher G′ and G″ in the Alg-PL hydrogel compared with the other hydrogels (* (p ≤ 0.01), ^# (p ≤ 0.05)) (n = 3)