Table 1.
Participant characteristics by different levels of knowledge and attitude, a national wide cross-sectional survey in China, 2020 (N=1426)
| Variable | N (%) | Knowledge N (%) | Attitude N (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| poor | moderate | good | negative | neutral | positive | ||
| Total | 1426 | 66 (4.6) | 630 (44.2) | 730 (51.2) | 103 (7.2) | 667 (46.8) | 656 (46.0) |
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 869 (60.9) | 42 (4.8) | 406 (46.7) | 421 (48.4) * | 59 (6.7) | 415 (47.8) | 395(45.5) |
| Female | 557 (39.1) | 24 (4.3) | 224 (40.2) | 309 (55.5) | 44 (7.9) | 252 (45.2) | 261 (46.9) |
| Age (years) | |||||||
| 16~25 | 911 (63.9) | 32 (3.5) | 399 (43.8) | 480 (52.7) ** | 63 (6.9) | 439 (48.2) | 409 (44.9) |
| 26~35 | 367 (25.7) | 16 (4.4) | 178 (48.5) | 173 (47.1) | 28 (7.6) | 172 (46.9) | 167 (45.5) |
| 36~45 | 133 (9.3) | 18 (13.5) | 48 (36.1) | 67 (50.4) | 11 (8.3) | 53 (39.8) | 69 (51.9) |
| >45 | 15 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (33.3) | 10 (66.7) | 1 (6.7) | 3 (20.0) | 11 (73.3) |
| Legal marital status | |||||||
| Never married | 1236 (86.7) | 53 (4.3) | 552 (44.7) | 631 (51.1) | 83 (6.7) | 587 (47.5) | 566 (45.8) |
| Ever married/engaged | 190 (13.3) | 13 (6.8) | 78 (41.1) | 99 (52.1) | 20 (10.5) | 80 (42.1) | 90 (47.4) |
| Highest educational attainment | |||||||
| High school or below | 436 (30.6) | 21 (4.8) | 192 (44.0) | 223 (51.2) | 28 (6.4) | 219 (50.2) | 189 (43.4) |
| Some college | 163 (11.4) | 1 (0.6) | 66 (40.5) | 96 (58.9) | 11 (6.7) | 79 (48.5) | 73 (44.8) |
| Bachelor's or higher | 827 (58.0) | 44 (5.3) | 372 (45.0) | 411 (49.7) | 64 (7.7) | 369 (44.6) | 394 (47.7) |
| Annual income (USD) | |||||||
| < $2000 | 894 (62.7) | 33 (3.7) | 409 (45.7) | 452 (50.6) | 59 (6.6) | 434 (48.5) | 401 (44.9) |
| $2000- $5000 | 255 (17.9) | 16 (6.3) | 110 (43.1) | 129 (50.6) | 15 (5.9) | 116 (45.5) | 124 (48.6) |
| $5000-$10000 | 128 (9.0) | 8 (6.3) | 49 (38.2) | 71 (55.5) | 14 (10.9) | 58 (45.3) | 56 (43.8) |
| > $10000 | 149 (10.4) | 9 (6.0) | 62 (41.6) | 78 (52.3) | 15 (10.1) | 59 (39.6) | 75 (50.3) |
| Original country | |||||||
| Asia | 332 (23.3) | 31 (9.3) | 150 (45.2) | 151 (45.5) ** | 19 (5.7) | 141 (42.5) | 172 (51.8) |
| Europe | 20 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 13 (65.0) | 7 (35.0) | 2 (10.0) | 5 (25.0) | 13 (65.0) |
| South America | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| North America | 18 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (27.8) | 13 (72.2) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (33.3) | 12 (66.7) |
| Oceania | 5 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (60.0) | 2 (40.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (40.0) | 3 (60.0) |
| Africa | 1050 (73.6) | 35 (3.3) | 459 (43.7) | 556 (53.0) | 82 (7.8) | 512 (48.8) | 456 (43.4) |
| Religion | |||||||
| Christianity | 918 (64.4) | 21 (2.3) | 405 (44.1) | 492 (53.6) ** | 65 (7.0) | 454 (49.5) | 399 (43.5) |
| Islam | 325 (22.8) | 35 (10.8) | 147 (45.2) | 143 (44.0) | 24 (7.4) | 133 (40.9) | 168 (51.7) |
| Buddhism | 17 (1.2) | 1 (5.9) | 11 (64.7) | 5 (29.4) | 2 (11.8) | 10 (58.8) | 5 (29.4) |
| Other | 53 (3.7) | 4 (7.6) | 19 (35.8) | 30 (56.6) | 3 (5.6) | 25 (47.2) | 25 (47.2) |
| None | 113 (7.9) | 5 (4.4) | 48 (42.5) | 60 (53.1) | 9 (8.0) | 45 (39.8) | 59 (52.2) |
| Reasons for migration | |||||||
| Business | 373 (26.2) | 38 (10.2) | 173 (46.4) | 162 (43.4) ** | 34 (9.1) | 146 (39.1) | 193 (51.8) * |
| Study | 872 (61.2) | 25 (2.9) | 379 (43.5) | 468 (53.7) | 58 (6.7) | 446 (51.1) | 368 (42.2) |
| Employment | 117 (8.2) | 1 (0.9) | 46 (39.3) | 70 (59.8) | 8 (6.8) | 47 (40.2) | 62 (53.0) |
| Tourism | 49 (3.4) | 1 (2.0) | 25 (51.0) | 23 (46.9) | 3 (6.1) | 20 (40.8) | 26 (53.1) |
| Visiting relatives | 15 (1.1) | 1 (6.7) | 7 (46.7) | 7 (46.7) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (53.3) | 7 (46.7) |
| Cumulative stay in China | |||||||
| 1-6 months | 187 (13.1) | 10 (5.3) | 85 (45.5) | 92 (49.2) | 12 (6.4) | 82 (43.9) | 93 (49.7) |
| 7-12 months | 135 (9.5) | 8 (5.9) | 71 (52.6) | 56 (41.5) | 10 (7.4) | 63 (46.7) | 62 (45.9) |
| One year and above | 1104 (77.4) | 48 (4.3) | 474 (42.9) | 582 (52.7) | 81 (7.3) | 522 (47.3) | 501 (45.4) |
| Stay in China between December 2019 and February 2020 | |||||||
| 1 day- 2 weeks | 23 (1.6) | 4 (17.4) | 10 (43.5) | 9 (39.1) ** | 2 (8.7) | 10 (43.5) | 11 (47.8) |
| 2 weeks- 1 month | 25 (1.8) | 4 (16.0) | 11 (44.0) | 10 (40.0) | 2 (8.0) | 14 (56.0) | 9 (36.0) |
| 1 month- 2 months | 242 (17.0) | 23 (9.5) | 98 (40.5) | 121 (50.0) | 26 (10.7) | 108 (44.6) | 108 (44.6) |
| 3 months | 1136 (79.7) | 35 (3.1) | 511 (45.0) | 590 (51.9) | 73 (6.4) | 535 (47.1) | 528 (46.5) |
| Living arrangement in China | |||||||
| Hotel | 82 (5.8) | 8 (9.8) | 52 (63.4) | 22 (26.8) ** | 8 (9.7) | 29 (35.4) | 45 (54.9) * |
| Guest apartment | 34 (2.4) | 4 (11.8) | 11 (32.4) | 19 (55.9) | 0 (0.0) | 16 (47.1) | 18 (52.9) |
| Purchased apartment | 14 (1.0) | 3 (21.4) | 4 (28.6) | 7 (50.0) | 3 (21.4) | 7 (50.0) | 4 (28.6) |
| Rental apartment | 503 (35.3) | 24 (4.8) | 208 (41.4) | 271 (53.9) | 37 (7.4) | 210 (41.7) | 256 (50.9) |
| Staff/student dormitory | 76 (53.9) | 23 (3.0) | 343 (44.7) | 402 (52.3) | 53 (6.9) | 390 (50.8) | 325 (42.3) |
| No fixed residence | 25 (1.8) | 4 (16.0) | 12 (48.0) | 9 (36.0) | 2 (8.0) | 15 (60.0) | 8 (32.0) |
| Health insurance in China | |||||||
| Yes | 1190 (83.5) | 54 (4.5) | 522 (43.9) | 614 (51.6) | 86 (7.2) | 570 (47.9) | 534 (44.9) |
| No | 236 (16.6) | 12 (5.1) | 108 (45.8) | 116 (49.1) | 17 (7.2) | 97 (41.1) | 122 (51.7) |
| Having had the following diseases in the past year | |||||||
| Flu | 335 (23.5) | 12 (3.6) | 134 (40.0) | 189 (56.4) ** | 31 (9.2) | 154 (46.0) | 150 (44.8) |
| Tuberculosis | 7 (0.5) | 3 (42.8) | 3 (42.8) | 1 (14.3) | 1 (14.3) | 2 (28.6) | 4 (57.1) |
| Typhoid fever | 8 (0.6) | 3 (37.5) | 1 (12.5) | 4 (50.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (25.0) | 6 (75.0) |
| Infectious diarrhea | 9 (0.6) | 2 (22.2) | 4 (44.4) | 3 (33.3) | 2 (22.2) | 3 (33.3) | 4 (44.5) |
| HIV/STI | 8 (0.5) | 2 (25.0) | 5 (62.5) | 1 (12.5) | 1 (12.5) | 2 (25.0) | 5 (62.5) |
| None | 1069 (75.0) | 47 (4.4) | 486 (45.5) | 536 (50.1) | 71 (6.6) | 500 (46.8) | 498 (46.6) |
| Being diagnosed as the COVID-19 | |||||||
| Yes | 13 (0.9) | 4 (30.8) | 5 (38.5) | 4 (30.8) ** | 3 (23.0) | 5 (38.5) | 5 (38.5) |
| No | 1413 (99.1) | 62 (4.4) | 625 (44.2) | 726 (51.4) | 100 (7.0) | 662 (46.9) | 651 (46.1) |
Note:* Chi-square test, *P<0.05, **P<0.001.