Table 4.
Multivariable multilevel mixed effects logistic regression analysis factors associated with consumption of iron rich foods among children aged 6–23 months, 2016 EDHS, Ethiopia
| Variables | Models | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Null Model a | Model II b | Model III c | Model IV d | |
| AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | ||
| Mother’s age | ||||
| < 20 Years | 1 | 1 | ||
| 20–34 years | 1.07 (0.72–1.58) | 1.03 (0.69–1.53) | ||
| 35–49 Years | 1.01 (0.60–1.70) | 0.97 (0.57–1.63) | ||
| Child age | ||||
| 6–11 months | 1 | 1 | ||
| 12–17 months | 1.92 (1.46–2.52) *** | 1.90 (1.45–2.49) *** | ||
| 18–23 months | 2.14 (1.61–2.85) *** | 2.05 (1.55–2.73) *** | ||
| Religion | ||||
| Orthodox | 1 | 1 | ||
| Muslim | 0.97 (0.67–1.42) | 0.89 (0.57–1.39) | ||
| Protestant | 0.85 (0.62–1.17).) | 0.94 (0.63–1.40) | ||
| Others ¥ | 1.21 (0.58–2.51) | 1.06 (0.50–2.24) | ||
| Mother education | ||||
| No education | 1 | 1 | ||
| Primary education | 1.59 (1.19–2.12) *** | 1.42 (1.06–1.87) * | ||
| Secondary and above | 2.70 (1.77–4.12) *** | 2.26 (1.47–3.46) *** | ||
| Father education | ||||
| No education | ||||
| Primary education | 1.15 (0.87–1.53) | 0.99 (0.74–1.32) | ||
| Secondary and above | 1.36 (0.93–1.97) | 1.13 (0.77–1.64) | ||
| Mother’s occupation | ||||
| Not working | 1 | 1 | ||
| Working | 1.21 (0.95–1.53) | 1.18 (0.93–1.50) | ||
| Father occupation | ||||
| Not working | 1 | 1 | ||
| Working | 1.20 (0.79–1.81) | 1.23 (0.81, −1.86) | ||
| Media exposure | ||||
| No media exposure | 1 | 1 | ||
| Has media exposure | 1.42 (1.08–1.88) * | 1.30 (0.98–1.72) | ||
| Birth order | ||||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 2–4 | 0.73 (0.53–1.01) | 0.75 (0.54–1.03) | ||
| > = 5 | 0.94 (0.53–1.67) | 0.96 (0.54–1.69) | ||
| Family size | ||||
| < 5 | 1 | 1 | ||
| ≥ 5+ | 0.85 (0.50–1.43) | 0.82 (0.48–1.37) | ||
| Wealth index | ||||
| Poor | 1 | 1 | ||
| Middle | 1.94 (1.38, − 2.71) *** | 1.83 (1.31–2.57) *** | ||
| Richer | 1.73 (1.23–2.40) *** | 1.49 (1.04–2.13) * | ||
| Residence | ||||
| Urban | 1 | 1 | ||
| Rural | 0.39 (0.28–0.54) | 0.71 (0.46–1.10) | ||
| Region | ||||
| Addis Adaba 0.79 (0.44, 1.40) 0.66 (0.33, 1.32) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Tigray | 1.27 (0.71–2.27) | 1.50 (0.76–2.98) | ||
| Afar | 0.15 (0.06–0.32) *** | 0.24 (0.09–0.60) ** | ||
| Amhara | 0.30 (0.15–0.60) *** | 0.38 (0.17–0.84) * | ||
| Oromia | 1.25 (0.69–2.26) | 1.47 (0.73–2.94) | ||
| Somali | 0.25 (0.14–0.51) | 0.49 (0.22–1.07) | ||
| Benishangul | 0.89 (0.46–1.70) | 1.09 (0.51–2.33) | ||
| SNNPR | 0.68 (0.37–1.25) | 0.83 (0.41–1.71) | ||
| Gambela | 1.41 (0.76–2.60) | 1.72 (0.81–3.66) | ||
| Harari | 1.76 (0.95–3.25) | 2.11 (1.02–4.39) * | ||
| Dire Dawa | 0.71 (0.38–1.24) | 0.90 (0.42–1.97) | ||
| Random effects | ||||
| ICC% | 0.27 | |||
| MOR (95%CI) 2.88 (1.91–4.34) | 2.70 (1.79–4.08) | 2.08 (1.59–2.73) | 2.38 (1.66–3.41) | |
| PCV% | 0 | 12% | 52% | 33% |
| Model compression | ||||
| Log likelihood ratio | − 1458.724 | − 1256.25 | − 1372.049 | −1223.363 |
NB: * = Significant at P-value 0.05, ** = Significant at P-value 0.01, *** = Significant at P-value 0.001, CI Confidence Interval, AOR Adjusted Odds Ratio, ICC Intraclass Correlation, MOR Median Odds Ratio, PCV Percentage Change Variation, ¥ = Catholic, Traditional, and other
a = Adjusted for individual and community level variable, b = Adjusted for community-level variable, c = Adjusted for individual-level variable, d = Full model