Table 2.
Description of the work environment and health outcomes among participating registered nurses (n = 170)
| Type of shift | Type of service | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day | Night | Medical | Surgical | Pediatrics | |
| Mean (SD) | |||||
|
Work environment factors (scale range) | |||||
| aOverall workload scale (0–10) | 6.9 (1.3) | 6.5 (1.2) | 6.8 (1.3) | 7.0 (1.1) | 6.4 (1.3) |
| aWorkload items (0–10) | |||||
| Mental demand | 8.6 (1.4) | 8.4 (1.9) | 8.4 (1.6) | 8.9 (1.5) | 8.6 (1.7) |
| Physical demand | 7.7 (2.2) | 7.3 (2.1) | 7.5 (2.2) | 7.9 (2.2) | 7.6 (2.1) |
| Temporal demand | 7.9 (1.8)* | 7.2 (2.2)* | 7.6 (2.0) | 8.1 (1.8) | 7.2 (2.1) |
| Frustration demand | 6.7 (2.4) | 6.1 (2.4) | 6.6 (2.3) | 6.6 (2.7) | 5.9 (2.3) |
| Effort demand | 7.7 (1.9) | 7.7 (2.1) | 7.6 (2.0) | 8.0 (1.7) | 7.5 (2.3) |
| Performance satisfaction | 7.2 (2.3) | 7.8 (2.0) | 7.0 (2.3)** | 7.6 (1.9) | 8.3 (1.9)** |
| bStaffing resources adequacy (1–4) | 2.4 (0.8) | 2.4 (0.9) | 2.3 (0.8) | 2.2 (0.9)* | 2.7 (0.8)* |
| bLeadership (1–4) | 3.0 (0.6) | 3.0 (0.7) | 3.1 (0.6) | 2.9 (0.7) | 3.0 (0.6) |
| cTeamwork climate (1–5) | 3.8 (0.7) | 3.8 (0.7) | 3.8 (0.7) | 3.7 (0.7) | 4.0 (0.6) |
| dCount of tasks performed by RNs (scale range: 0–25) | 16.6 (0.3) | 16.3 (0.5) | 16.3 (3.3)* | 15.8 (3.7)* | 18.1 (3.9)* |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Health outcomes | |||||
| eMusculoskeletal disease | 84 (74%) | 33 (59%) | 67 (71%) | 30 (71%) | 20 (59%) |
| eCardiovascular disease | 46 (40%) | 17 (30%) | 37 (39%) | 12 (29%) | 14 (41%) |
| eMental disorder | 69 (61%) | 26 (46%) | 59 (63%) | 19 (45%) | 17 (50%) |
| eSkin disease | 51 (45%) | 20 (36%) | 43 (46%) | 15 (36%) | 13 (38%) |
| fEmotional exhaustion | 70 (61%) | 30 (54%) | 57 (61%)* | 29 (69%)* | 14 (41%)* |
**P-value< 0.01; *P-value< 0.05
aWorkload: the overall workload scale is the mean score of the six items of the NASA TLX scale (mental, physical, temporal, frustration, effort and performance satisfaction demands) where each item ranges from 0 to 10; higher scores indicate higher workload demands
bStaffing resources adequacy and leadership: a mean score of staffing resources adequacy subscale (4items) and leadership subscale (4items) ranging from 1(strongly disagree) to 4(strongly agree)
cTeamwork climate: a mean score of teamwork subscale (5items) ranging from 1(strongly disagree) to 3(neutral) to 5(strongly agree)
dCount of tasks performed by RNs: a score summarizing the number of tasks done exclusively and mostly by RNs
ePhysical health diseases: 0 = disease does not exist, 1 = disease exists (based on own diagnosis or a diagnosis by doctor). fEmotional exhaustion: 0 = low emotional exhaustion, 1 = high emotional exhaustion