Figure 6.

Effects of PNE on TGF-β and Smad protein expression in male offspring. Left ventricle tissues were freshly isolated from male offspring that had been perinatally exposed to saline and nicotine. The protein levels of TGF-β isoforms and Smads family were determined by Western blot analysis and were normalized as fold of GAPDH density. (A) TGF-β protein density in the absence of LNA-miR-181a, (B) TGF-β protein density in the presence of LNA-miR-181a, (C) Smads protein density in the absence of LNA-miR-181a, (D) Smads protein density in the presence of LNA-miR-181a. Data are means ± SEM (n=4~5 animals/groups). *P < 0.05 vs. control, as determined by Student's t-test.