Table 1.

Causes of palatal tremor.

Symptomatic palatal tremor
I) Vascular/Ischemic:
Basilar artery occlusion [36] Brainstem or cerebellar infarct/bleed/tumor Vertebral artery dolichectasia [37] Vascular malformation (Arteriovenous malformation, aneurysm) [24,25,26,27,28,38]
II) Inflammatory/Demyelinating:
Multiple Sclerosis [39,40] Neurosarcoidosis [41] Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Bechet’s disease [42]
III) Genetic:
Spinocerebellar ataxia [18,43]
IV) Infectious:
Tick-borne meningoencephalitis/Listeria encephalitis [44,45] Whipple disease [46]
V) Neoplastic:
Intestinal lymphoma [47] Posterior fossa tumour
VI) Neurodegenerative:
Progressive supranuclear palsy [48]
VI) Miscellaneous:
Traumatic brain injury [49] Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [50] Drugs (Ciprofloxacin/Lithium/Carbamazepine) [51,52] Epilepsy [53] Hashimoto encephalopathy [54,55] Anti -GAD antibodies mediated encephalitis [56]
Progressive Ataxia and Palatal Tremor (PAPT)
I) Sporadic:
Tauopathy [7] Gluten sensitive ataxia [33] Vascular malformation [57]
II) Familial/genetic:
Alexander disease [58,59] Spinocerebellar Ataxia –20 (SCA 20) [60,61] POLG mutation [62,63] Hereditary spastic paraparesis type 7 (HSP-7) [64,65] GM2 Gangliosidosis [66] Neuroferritinopathy [67] Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis [68]