Table 2.
Relative risk estimates of severe COVID-19 by age in eligible studies.
| Study | No. of events | Age, per-year increment | Across categories | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reference | Comparison | |||
| Bhatraju PK | 18 cases with mechanical ventilation | – | <60 | Unadjusted OR: 60–70: 3.50 (0.24–51.90) 70–80: NA >80: 0.33 (0.03–3.93) |
| Chen J | 22 cases with ICU admission | Unadjusted OR: 1.08 (1.04–1.13) Adjusted* OR: 1.06 (1.00–1.12) |
– | – |
| Chen T | 113 deaths | – | <60 | Unadjusted OR: ≥60: 8.55 (4.75–15.40) |
| Cheng Y | 113 deaths | – | ≤65 | Unadjusted HR: >65: 2.43 (1.66–3.56) |
| China CDC | 1,023 deaths | – | 20–29 | Unadjusted HR: 30–39: 1.23 (0.51–2.94) 40–49: 2.29 (1.03–5.15) 50–59: 6.79 (3.17–14.54) 60–69: 19.3 (9.1–40.8) 70–79: 44.6 (21.1–94.6) ≥80: 89.4 (42.0–190.5) |
| Lian J | 58 cases with ARDS | – | <60 | Unadjusted OR: ≥60: 3.59 (2.04, 6.30) |
| Liang W | 131 composite end points (ICU admission requiring invasive ventilation or death) | Adjusted OR†: 1.048 (1.033–1.064) |
– | – |
| Onder G | 1,625 deaths | – | 30–39 | Unadjusted OR: 40–49: 1.33 (0.42–4.26) 50–59: 3.36 (1.20–9.37) 60–69: 12.05 (4.45–32.63) 70–79: 48.77 (18.20–130.63) ≥80: 84.10 (31.43–225.06) |
| Shi S | 57 deaths | Adjusted HR‡: 1.02 (0.99–1.05) |
– | – |
| US CDC | 121 cases with ICU admission | – | 20–44 | Unadjusted OR: 45–54: 2.80 (1.43–5.49) 55–64: 2.41 (1.21–4.83) 65–74: 4.33 (2.29–8.20) 75–84: 5.78 (2.90–11.51) ≥85: 3.29 (1.40–7.76) |
| US CDC_2 | 457 cases with ICU admission | – | 19–64 | Unadjusted OR: ≥65: 1.21 (0.96–1.52) |
| Wang L | 65 deaths | Unadjusted HR: 1.08 (1.06–1.11)Adjusted HR§: 1.06 (1.03–1.10) |
– | – |
| Wu C | 84 cases with ARDS | – | <65 | Unadjusted HR: ≥65: 3.26 (2.08–5.11) |
| Yang X | 32 deaths | – | 30–49 | Unadjusted OR: 50–59: 6.75 (1.16–39.20) 60–69: 5.50 (1.06–28.42) ≥70: 27.00 (2.34–311.17) |
| Zhang L | 15 composite events of ICU admission, use of mechanical ventilation or death | Adjusted HR||: 1.46 (0.48–4.43) |
– | – |
| Zhou F | 54 deaths | Unadjusted OR: 1·14 (1·09–1·18) Adjusted OR#: 1.10 (1.03–1.17) |
– | – |
Abbreviations: ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome; COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; ICU: intensive care unit.
* Adjusted for gender, comorbidity, WBC, lymphocytes, CRP, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, eGFR, CD4 cell counts.
† Adjusted for age, sex, cancer, HTN, COPD, DM.
‡ Adjusted for age, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, COPD, renal failure, cancer, ARDS, cardiac injury, creatinine ≥1.50 mg/dL, NT-proBNP ≥900pg/mL.
§ Adjusted variables unclear.
|| Adjusted for age, receiving anti-tumor treatment within 14 days, and patchy consolidation on admission CT scan.
# Adjusted for age, lymphocyte count, d-dimer, SOFA score, coronary heart disease.