(A) Percentages of T-cell subpopulations in CAR T-cell products detected by flow cytometer. Tn express markers of CD45RA and CCR7, Tm do not express marker of CD45RA, Te express marker of CD45RA and do not express CCR7. (B) CAR T-cell tumor lysis activity. CAR T cell were co-incubated with target cell (K562-CD19) or nontarget cell (K562) at E:T of 4:1 for 16 h. LDH level in the supernatant was determined. CAR T cell robustly killed target cell but had little impact on nontarget cells. ****p < 0.0001. (C–E) IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ secretion in coculture system of CAR T cell and target or nontarget cells. CAR T cell secreted high level of IL-2 and TNF-α only when counteracted target cells. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.
CAR: Chimeric antigen receptor; CCR7: C-C chemokine receptor-7; ET: Effector-to-target cell ratio; LDH: Lactic acid dehydrogenase; Te: Effector T cells; Tm: Memory T cells; Tn: Naive T cells.