Table 3.

Average Tract Characteristics and Analysis Measures by Wyly and Hammel’s 1998 Gentrification Field Survey Categories

	Gentrifiable				Nongentrifiable
	Nongentrifying		Gentrifying
	1970	2000	1970	2000	1970	2000
N	19		22		83
% white	58.3**	48.9**	88.5	77.7	90.9	72.9
% black	25.8*	19.9**	6.1	7.2	3.5	7.2
% Hispanic	2.5†	9.0*	1.5	4.7	2.1*	4.5
% Asian	11.2**	19.7*	2.2	9.1	2.9	14.5**
% foreign-born	12.7	22.9*	10.3	12.7	8.3**	15.8*
% below poverty	19.3	22.6	17.4	17.0	7.5**	8.9**
Median household income	$50,562	$47,818	$46,517	$50,439	$74,538**	$76,259**
Income per capita	$25,263	$29,222**	$25,884	$47,708	$31,898**	$43,957
% college-educated	10.3	31.5**	16.6	55.7	17.2	49.3*
% professional/managerial	17.6**	37.0**	25.8	51.6	28.8	49.9
Median home value	$113,055*	$301,474**	$154,224	$451,805	$134,612	$402,765
Median gross rent	$534†	$846†	$612	$960	$764**	$1,134**
% new resident in last 10 years	71.9**	76.8**	81.5	86.1	65.3**	65.2**
% homeownership	47.6	33.5†	33.6	22.9	67.9**	61.0**
% vacant units	11.9	6.2	9.9	6.8	5.1**	3.5**
% multiunit structures	53.2**	59.1**	77.8	83.9	23.7**	31.3**
% units built over 30 years ago	60.2	70.7	65.8	64.5	39.6**	74.9**
Measures for regression analysis (1970)	Mean	Std. dev.	Mean	Std. dev.	Mean	Std. dev.
Distance (in feet) (sq. rt.)	53.0*	54.8	20.2	31.0	99.3**	46.6
First PC (residential opportunity)	33.9*	61.7	76.9	33.5	−28.1**	48.6
Second PC (socioeconomic status)	−7.70	21.8	−14.1	24.4	5.50**	25.3
Crime rate (logged)	8.90	0.70	8.64	0.66	7.82**	0.51

Note:

^**p<0.01,

^*p<0.05,

^†p<0.10 (two-tailed t-test).

T-tests compare gentrifying tracts to nongentrifying and nongentrifiable tracts. Dollars are in 2013 constant dollars.