Table 5.
Average Block Group Characteristics and Analysis Measures by 1990–2013 Census-Based Gentrification Measures
| Gentrifiable | Nongentrifiable | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nongentrifying | Gentrifying | |||||
| 1990 | 2013 | 1990 | 2013 | 1990 | 2013 | |
| N | 133 | 111 | 231 | |||
| % white | 64.5 | 53.3** | 65.0 | 64.9 | 82.2** | 76.5** |
| % black | 11.5* | 11.9* | 17.7 | 8.4 | 5.7** | 3.7** |
| % Hispanic | 4.4 | 9.4** | 3.9 | 6.4 | 2.6** | 4.5** |
| % Asian | 17.5** | 19.6** | 11.6 | 14.5 | 8.4* | 10.6* |
| % foreign-born | 18.4** | -- | 13.2 | -- | 10.4** | -- |
| % families below poverty | 4.1 | 7.0** | 3.4 | 3.9 | 0.8** | 2.2** |
| Median household income | $44,549† | $47,060** | $41,867 | $64,341 | $73,403** | $90,352** |
| Income per capita | $27,640 | $31,035** | $28,150 | $42,823 | $40,432** | $51,961** |
| % college-educated | 30.8 | 44.8** | 30.6 | 59.9 | 42.4** | 63.4* |
| % professional/managerial | -- | 44.9** | -- | 54.5 | -- | 60.5** |
| Median home value | $234,505 | $345,731** | $221,929 | $416,426 | $301,518** | $515,206** |
| Median gross rent | $846 | $892** | $815 | $1,039 | $1,083** | $1,206** |
| % new resident in last 10 years | 77.2 | 80.3 | 76.6 | 80.3 | 59.1** | 62.1** |
| % homeownership | 33.5 | 33.9† | 32.5 | 38.1 | 69.5** | 68.7** |
| % vacant units | 5.7* | 6.7 | 6.8 | 7.3 | 3.2** | 5.3** |
| % multiunit structures | 61.7 | 62.6 | 62.7 | 60.8 | 20.1** | 21.7** |
| % units built over 30 years ago | 53.2** | 64.2 | 64.7 | 64.5 | 76.4** | 82.1** |
| Measures for regression analysis (1990) | Mean | Std. dev. | Mean | Std. dev. | Mean | Std. dev. |
| Distance (in feet) (sq. rt.) | 91.3** | 62.1 | 68.6 | 53.2 | 103** | 43.1 |
| First PC (residential opportunity) | 15.8* | 66.2 | 34.8 | 60.3 | −25.9** | 44.0 |
| Second PC (socioeconomic status) | −27.5** | 29.9 | −12.6 | 25.2 | 21.8** | 27.4 |
| Crime rate (logged) (1996) | 9.25 | 0.66 | 9.36 | 0.68 | 8.64** | 0.40 |
Note:
**
p<0.01,
*
p<0.05,
†
p<0.10 (two-tailed t-test).
T-tests compare nongentrifying tracts to gentrifying tracts and nongentrifiable tracts to gentrifying tracts. Dollars are in 2013 constant dollars. % poverty for individuals is not available for block groups; missing values are not available in normalized block group data.