FIGURE 7.

Summary of the findings. During an inflammatory response, two distinct phases can be observed according to the type of mediators that are synthesized. Initially, an increase in the release of cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α into the extracellular milieu typically describe the pro-inflammatory phase. Subsequently, a metabolic shift initiates the pro-resolution phase, which provides the synthesis of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (e.g., RvE1, MAR1) to restore the homeostatic state (2, 3). The initial pro-inflammatory response reduces regenerative-related activities of hPDLSCs; SPMs counter these effects by increasing viability, migration, and the cementogenic-osteogenic potential of cells, besides ensuring a PDL-like phenotype. Altogether, these findings indicate that an imbalance of mediators during the inflammatory response can profoundly alter the properties of stem cells, such as hPDLSCs.