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. 2020 Sep 25;8:572749. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.572749

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Copyright © 2020 Huang, Liu, Ong, Yuan, Zhou, Wang, Tan, Chow, Yang, Shi, Ye and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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IL-13 induces epithelial remodeling and disrupts epithelial barrier integrity in hNECs. Representative IF images showed that IL-13 treatment induced more MUC5AC-secreting goblet cells and loss of ciliated cells in hNECs (A–D). Western blotting results indicated that the protein expression of occludin and Cldn3 but not ZO-1 were significantly decreased with IL-13 treatment (E–H). Damaged TJs proteins were shown by irregular staining patterns of ZO-1, occludin and Cldn3 in IL-13-matured hNECs as compared to untreated controls (I–N). Intercellular epithelium permeability of IL-13-matured hNECs increased as compared to untreated hNECs (O–P). IL-13 treatment of hNECs during differentiation also significantly reduced TEER at Day 21 of ALI culture (Q). Two-way ANOVA was used to analyze differences between hNECs with and without IL-13 treatment. Data were presented as median with an interquartile range. Fold change was quantified with reference to untreated hNECs. Scale bar = 20 μm. hNECs, n = 7.