Table I.
Demographic information for infants with CDH for the entire cohort and the lower risk subcohort
| Patient characteristics | Entire CDH infant cohort (n = 728) | Lower risk CDH subcohort (n = 541) | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | .61 | ||
| Female | 303 (41.7) | 233 (43.1) | |
| Male | 424 (58.3) | 307 (56.9) | |
| Birth weight, g | .26 | ||
| <2000 | 64 (8.8) | 51 (9.4) | |
| 2000–2499 | 97 (13.3) | 75 (13.9) | |
| >2500 | 567 (77.9) | 415 (76.7) | |
| Gestational age, wk | .33 | ||
| <32 | 21 (2.9) | 18 (3.3) | |
| 32–36 | 139 (19.1) | 107 (19.8) | |
| >37 | 567 (78.0) | 415 (76.9) | |
| Delivery mode | .53 | ||
| Cesarean | 369 (50.7) | 264 (48.8) | |
| Vaginal | 359 (49.3) | 277 (51.2) | |
| Infant condition at birth | |||
| Apgar <7 at 1 min | 478 (67.4) | 326 (62.2) | .06 |
| Apgar <7 at 5 min | 287 (42.0) | 176 (35.1) | .01 |
| Respiratory distress | 74 (10.2) | 57 (10.6) | .85 |
| Maternal race | .34 | ||
| Black | 31 (4.3) | 22 (4.1) | |
| Hispanic | 354 (48.8) | 259 (48.0) | |
| White | 244 (33.6) | 185 (34.3) | |
| Asian | 61 (8.4) | 49 (9.1) | |
| Other | 36 (5.0) | 25 (4.6) | |
| Maternal age, y | .70 | ||
| <25 | 206 (28.5) | 147 (27.4) | |
| ≥25 | 518 (71.5) | 390 (72.6) | |
| Perinatal complications | |||
| Maternal hypertension | 56 (7.7) | 48 (8.9) | .92 |
| Maternal diabetes | 72 (9.9) | 57 (10.5) | .71 |
| Maternal chorioamnionitis | 13 (1.8) | 11 (2.0) | .84 |
| Any maternal complication | 343 (47.3) | 273 (50.6) | .26 |
| Any obstetric complications | 283 (39.0) | 217 (40.2) | .41 |
| Transfer information | |||
| Acute transfer <48 h from birth | 313 (43.0) | 219 (40.5) | .39 |
| Inborn | 299 (41.1) | 238 (44.0) | .30 |
| Outborn | 429 (58.9) | 303 (56.0) | |
| Born at a level IIIC center | 384 (52.8) | 295 (54.5) | .53 |
| Treated at a level IIIC center | 638 (87.6) | 465 (86.0) | .40 |
| Treatment information | |||
| Antenatal steroids | 99 (13.8) | 78 (14.6) | .68 |
| Postnatal steroids | 274 (37.6) | 159 (29.4) | c |
| Surfactant | 182 (25.0) | 117 (21.6) | .18 |
| Delivery room intubation | 463 (63.6) | 321 (59.3) | .13 |
| ECMO | 152 (20.9) | N/A | |
| Outcomes | |||
| Death before CDH repair | 120 (16.5) | 76 (14.0) | .24 |
| Death after acute transfer <48 h | 109 (15.0) | 69 (12.8) | .29 |
| Overall mortality | 206 (28.3) | 107 (19.8) | <.001 |
| Time on ventilation, d | 11 (6–21) | 10 (5.5–16) | |
| Total length of stay, d | 36 (22–70) | 31 (20–57.5) | |
| Pulse oximetry at discharge | 239 (33.1) | 134 (25.0) | <.01 |
| Supplemental O2 at discharge | 256 (35.4) | 146 (27.2) | <.01 |
Values are number (%) or median (IQR).
*
Fisher exact test was used for binary variables, the χ2 test for categorical variables, and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables with non-normal distributions.