Table 1.
Type of surface | Virus | Strain/isolate | Inoculum (viral titer) | Temperature | Persistence |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Steel | MERS-CoV | Isolate HCoV-EMC/2012 | 105 | 20 °C | 48 h |
MERS-CoV | Isolate HCoV-EMC/2012 | 105 | 30 °C | 8–24 h | |
TGEV | Unknown | 106 | 4 °C | ≥28 d | |
TGEV | Unknown | 106 | 20 °C | 3–28 d | |
TGEV | Unknown | 106 | 40 °C | 4–96 h | |
MHV | Unknown | 106 | 4 °C | ≥28 d | |
MHV | Unknown | 106 | 20 °C | 4–28 d | |
MHV | Unknown | 106 | 40 °C | 4–96 h | |
HCoV | Strain 229E | 103 | 21 °C | 5 d | |
Aluminium | HCoV | Strains 229E and OC43 | 5 × 103 | 21 °C | 2–8 h |
Metal | SARS-CoV | Strain P9 | 105 | RT | 5 d |
Wood | SARS-CoV | Strain P9 | 105 | RT | 4 d |
Paper | SARS-CoV | Strain P9 | 105 | RT | 4–5 d |
SARS-CoV | Strain GVU6109 | 106 | RT | 24 h | |
SARS-CoV | Strain GVU6109 | 105 | RT | 3 h | |
SARS-CoV | Strain GVU6109 | 104 | RT | <5 min | |
Glass | SARS-CoV | Strain P9 | 105 | RT | 4 d |
HCoV | Strain 229E | 103 | 21 °C | 5 d | |
Plastic | SARS-CoV | Strain HKU39849 | 105 | 22°-25 °C | ≤5 d |
MERS-CoV | Isolate HCoV-EMC/2012 | 105 | 20 °C | 48 h | |
MERS-CoV | Isolate HCoV-EMC/2012 | 105 | 30 °C | 8–24 h | |
SARS-CoV | Strain P9 | 105 | RT | 4 d | |
SARS-CoV | Strain FFM1 | 107 | RT | 6–9 d | |
HCoV | Strain 229E | 107 | RT | 2–6 d | |
PVC | HCoV | Strain 229E | 103 | 21 °C | 5 d |
Silicon rubber | HCoV | Strain 229E | 103 | 21 °C | 5 d |
Surgical glove (latex) | HCoV | Strains 229E and OC43 | 5 × 103 | 21 °C | ≤8 h |
Disposable gown | SARS-CoV | Strain GVU6109 | 106 | RT | 2 d |
SARS-CoV | Strain GVU6109 | 105 | RT | 24 h | |
SARS-CoV | Strain GVU6109 | 104 | RT | 1 h | |
Ceramic | HCoV | Strain 229E | 103 | 21 °C | 5 d |
Teflon | HCoV | Strain 229E | 103 | 21 °C | 5 d |
MERS = Middle East Respiratory Syndrome; HCoV = human coronavirus; TGEV = transmissible gastroenteritis virus; MHV = mouse hepatitis virus; SARS = Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; RT = room temperature.