Table III.
Clinical features of febrile infants younger than 57 days by SARS-CoV-2 infection status
| Features | SARS-CoV-2 infected (n = 20) | SARS-CoV-2 uninfected (n = 81) | Risk difference (95% CI) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Historical features | ||||
| Sick contacts | 9 (45) | 33 (41) | 4.4% (−17.8 to 27.4) | .32 |
| Contact with COVID-19 | 3 (15) | 0/10 (0) | 15.0% (−14.4 to 38.0) | .53 |
| History of cough | 4 (20) | 13 (16) | 4.0% (−11.3 to 26.5) | .74 |
| History of rhinorrhea | 11 (55) | 39 (48) | 6.9% (−16.5 to 28.7) | .63 |
| History of feeding difficulty | 13 (65) | 21 (26) | 39% (15.0 to 57.9) | .002 |
| History of emesis | 4 (20) | 10 (12) | 7.7% (−7.2 to 30.0) | .47 |
| History of diarrhea | 0 | 6 (7) | −7.4% (−15.2 to 9.2) | .6 |
| History of irritability | 4 (20) | 21 (26) | −5.9% (−21.8 to 17.2) | .77 |
| History of lethargy | 6 (30) | 7 (9) | 21.4% (3.9 to 43.7) | .02 |
| History of rash | 3 (15) | 5 (6) | 8.8% (−3.5 to 30.2) | .19 |
| Physical examination | ||||
| Mean maximum temperature, °C∗ | 38.5 | 38.6 | −0.1 (−0.3 to 0.2) | .56 |
| Respiratory distress at presentation† | 1 (5) | 3 (4) | 1.3% (−6.5 to 20.1) | .999 |
| Normal auscultatory lung examination | 19 (95) | 80 (99) | −3.8% (−22.4 to 3.1) | .36 |
| Tachycardia at any point in hospital course‡ | 10 (50) | 38 (47) | 3.1% (−19.7 to 25.7) | .81 |
| Tachypnea at any point in hospital course§ | 1 (5) | 3 (4) | 1.3% (−6.5 to 20.1) | .999 |
| Lower respiratory tract infection¶ | 3 (15) | 3 (4) | 11.3% (−0.5 to 32.5) | .09 |
| Laboratory test results | ||||
| Mean WBC × 109/L (SD) | 7.8 (3.5) | 11.2 (5.0) | −3.4 (−5.3 to −1.4) | .001 |
| Mean ANC × 109/L (SD) | 2.6 (1.5) | 4.4 (3.0) | −1.8 (−2.8 to −0.9) | <.001 |
| Mean ALC × 109/L (SD) | 3.2 (1.9) | 4.8 (3.2) | −1.6 (−2.7 to −0.5) | .005 |
| Neutropenia∗∗ | 4 (20) | 2 (2) | 17.5% (4.1 to 39.2) | .013 |
| Lymphopenia†† | 12 (60) | 25 (31) | 29.1% (5.3 to 49.4) | .02 |
| Serious bacterial infection | 0 | 18 (22) | −22.2% (−32.4 to −4.4) | .02 |
| RVP virus detected | 0 | 37/78 (47) | −47.4% (−58.4 to −28.1) | <.001 |
| Clinical course | ||||
| Admission to hospital | 15 (75) | 56/81 (69) | 5.9% (−17.8 to 23.4) | .79 |
| Admission to the pediatric intensive care unit | 1 (5) | 1/81 (1) | 3.8% (−3.1 to 22.4) | .39 |
| Mean hospital length of stay, h‡‡ | 53.4 ± 15.0§§ | 61.0 ± 65.0¶¶ | −7.6 (−41.4 to 26.1) | .65 |
| Required respiratory support | 2 (10) | 1 (1) | 8.8% (−0.2 to 28.9) | .1 |
Values are mean ± SD or number (%) unless otherwise noted.
∗
At home or during hospitalization.
†
Defined as the presence of tachypnea or retractions.
‡
Defined as a heart rate of >180 beats per minute.
§
Defined as a respiration rate of >60 breaths per minute.
¶
Defined as the presence of any of the following: abnormal lung exam (crackles, rhonchi or wheeze), hypoxia, or parenchymal infiltrate on chest radiograph.
∗∗
Defined as an ANC of < 1.0 × 10/9L.
††
Defined as an ALC of < 3.0 × 10/9L.
‡‡
For patients to hospital only.
§§
Range of 42.2-95.3 hours.
¶¶
Range of 17.4-509.1 hours.