Table 6.

Some representative applications involving the use of SFE for the recovery of flavonoids from natural sources.

Natural source of flavonoids	Solvent	Co-solvent	Extraction mode	T (°C)/P (MPa)	Flow rate	Time (mim)	Target compounds	Yield	Reference
Black poplar buds	CO2	–	Dynamic	40-60/12-30	2 kg/h	60	Individual flavonoids	0.42–79.56 μg/mg	Jakovljevi et al., 2018
Haskap berry pulp	CO2	Water (2.2–5.5 g)	Static + dynamic	35-65/10-52	10 mL/min	15–120	Anthocyanins	16.6–52.7%	Jiao and Kermanshahi, 2018
Brown onion skin	CO2	Ethanol 85% (5–15%)	Dynamic	10/40	10 mL/min	120	Quercetin and derivatives	65–118%	Campone et al., 2018
Odontonema strictum leaves	CO2	Ethanol 95% (15%)	Static + dynamic	55-65/20-25	15 g/min	210–270	Total flavonoids	10.68–18.92 mg/g	Ouédraogo et al., 2018
Cipó-pucá	CO2	Ethanol (0–10%)	Static + dynamic	40-60/20-40	4.52 g/min	210	Total flavonoids	0.28–13.44 mg/g	Salazar et al., 2018
Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill	CO2	Ethanol (5%)	Dynamic	35-65/20-40	60–100 g/min	120	Isorhamnetin conjugates	12.45–188.07 mg/100 g	Antunes-Ricardo et al., 2017
Citrus unshiu peels	CO2	Ethanol (0–50 mol%)	Dynamic	60/30	0.026 mol/min	180	Nobiletin	0.13–0.57 μg/g	Oba et al., 2017
Tea leaves	CO2	Ethanol (1–3 g/min)	Static + dynamic	40-60/10-20	8 g/min	60	Total flavonoids	1.87–1.95 mg/mL	Maran et al., 2015
Myrtle leaves	CO2	Ethanol	Dynamic	45/23	0.3 Kg/h	120	Quercetin and myricetin	2–8 (10−3) mg/g	Pereira et al., 2016
Hibiscus sabdariffa	CO2	Ethanol (7–15%)	Dynamic	40-60/15-35	25 g/min	90	Methyl-epigallocatechin	0.34–0.53 mg/g	Pimentel-Moral et al., 2018a
Agroindustrial soybean residue	CO2	Ethanol (3%)	Dynamic	35-40/40	0.5 Kg/h	–	Total flavonoids	31.3–65.0 mg/100g	Alvarez et al., 2019
Radish leaves	CO2	Ethanol	Dynamic	35-50/30-40	0.6 Kg/h	–	Total flavonoids	13.9–21.8 mg/100g	Goyeneche et al., 2018