Table 1.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria for both the studies and participants.

Criterion	Inclusion	Exclusion
Study design	Randomised controlled	Case studies, case–control, controlled, cohort studies, reviews (e.g. with meta-analysis), protocols, non-controlled intervention studies
Population	Adults	< 18 years of age
	Low back pain patients
	Pain duration: Sub-acute, chronic, chronic-recurrent
Intervention	Motor control exercise Core-specific sensorimotor/neuromuscular/sensorimotor/perturbation/core stability/stabiliz(s)ation/stabiliz(s)ation exercises/training	Static (non-dynamic) (motor control) exercises
	Duration of at least 2 weeks
Control/Comparator	Active (any type of exercise, stretching, general strengthening)
	Passive comparators (e.g. manual therapy)
	Advice to stay active, Usual care
	Real control (inactive, waiting control)
Outcome	At least one measure of pain (e.g. VAS, NRS, Korff) and/or disability (e.g. ODI, RMDQ, KORFF)
	Outcome assessment at baseline and at least once at 2 week to 24 week post-intervention-initiation
Other	Publication or e-pub before 30th March 2020
	Language: German & English
	Full-text availability