Table 6.
Logistic Regression Analysis Evaluating Risk Factors for Severity of COVID-19 in the Studied Patients
| Variables | Univariate Logistic Regression | Multivariate Logistic Regression | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio (OR) | 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) | P value | Odds Ratio (OR) | 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) | P value | |
| Increased age (>53 years) | 1.063 | 1.034 to 1.098 | <0.0001 | 1.074 | 1.010 to 1.157 | 0.0371 |
| Diabetes | 3.734 | 1.527 to 9.175 | 0.0038 | 1.513 | 0.1922 to 14.98 | 0.7017 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 4.800 | 1.188 to 20.67 | 0.0266 | 2.522 | 0.2255 to 34.79 | 0.4603 |
| Bilateral lesion in CT | 6.592 | 2.082 to 29.31 | 0.0039 | 1.259 | 0.07965 to 23.52 | 0.8687 |
| Two or more affected lobes in CT | 7.342 | 2.519 to 26.89 | 0.0007 | 12.60 | 1.174 to 303.8 | 0.0664 |
| Decrease Lymphocytes | 0.9309 | 0.8891 to 0.9689 | 0.001 | 0.9685 | 0.8890 to 1.049 | 0.4367 |
| Increased CRP | 1.026 | 1.011 to 1.044 | 0.002 | 0.9939 | 0.9601 to 1.021 | 0.6735 |
| Increased ferritin | 1.003 | 1.001 to 1.004 | 0.001 | 1.004 | 1.001 to 1.008 | 0.0068 |
| Increased ALT | 1.020 | 1.004 to 1.038 | 0.016 | 0.9869 | 0.9443 to 1.026 | 0.5268 |
| Increased AST | 1.030 | 1.012 to 1.051 | 0.0018 | 1.018 | 0.9620 to 1.083 | 0.5532 |
| Increased urea | 1.049 | 1.020 to 1.085 | 0.0025 | 1.034 | 0.9669 to 1.131 | 0.3910 |
| Increased creatinine | 1.924 | 1.339 to 2.854 | 0.0006 | 0.6119 | 0.2006 to 1.664 | 0.3522 |
| Male | 1.846 | 0.8001 to 4.484 | 0.1596 | – | – | – |
| Smoking | 2.234 | 0.8050 to 5.923 | 0.1104 | – | – | – |
| Hypertension | 1.973 | 0.8233 to 4.650 | 0.1212 | – | – | – |
| Hb level | 0.9759 | 0.7572 to 1.265 | 0.8513 | – | – | – |
| WBCs | 1.091 | 0.9783 to 1.224 | 0.1179 | – | – | – |
| Platelets | 0.9999 | 0.9949 to 1.005 | 0.9744 | – | – | – |
| Increased D-dimer | 1.381 | 0.8568 to 2.308 | 0.1786 | – | – | – |
| Increased troponin | 1.254 | 0.01111 to 3.599 | 0.7620 | – | – | – |
| Co-infection | 12 | 3.631 to 47.40 | 0.0001 | – | – | – |
Note: Reference values: Lymphocytes count (1.5–4×103/µL), CRP (up to 6 mg/L), ferritin (10–290 ng/mL), ALT (0–35 IU/L), AST (0–35 IU/L), urea (15–45 mg/dL), creatinine (0.7–1.4 mg/dL), D-dimer (up to 0.55 mg/L) and troponin (up to 0.05 ng/mL).
Abbreviations: CRP, C-reactive protein; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; Hb, hemoglobin; WBCs, while blood cell count.