Fig. 1.

The new “out of range” occurrence of An. stephensi in the Arabian Peninsula and Horn of Africa showing the 358 An. stephensi site locations used in our final species distribution models (SDMs) color coded by the decade in which they were sampled. The yellow shaded area shows the 2011 expert opinion range based on data published up to 31 October 2009 (9). Data showing the presence of An. stephensi more westerly across the Arabian peninsula (sampled in 2005 to 2006) were published after 2010. Thus An. stephensi may have been present but unreported or been expanding its range into western areas of the Arabian peninsula over the last 30 y.