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. 2020 Sep 25;22(9):e19716. doi: 10.2196/19716

Table 1.

Mobile Insight in Risk, Resilience and Online Referral (MIRROR) scores, outcomes, and event-related characteristics for the validation sample and MIRROR-only sample.

MIRRORa Validationb (n=663) MIRRORb only (n=449)
MIRROR scores, mean (SD)


MIRROR PTSDc scale 14.88 (3.39) 14.80 (3.28)

MIRROR functioning 4.92 (1.96) 5.11 (1.94)

MIRROR resilience scale 10.08 (2.36) 10.91 (2.37)
MIRRORa outcomeb, n (%)


Red 409 (61.7) 224 (49.9)

Orange 230 (34.7) 214 (47.7)

Green 24 (3.6) 11 (2.4)
Type of event (LEC-5d), n (%)


Another very stressful event or experience 216 (32.6) 150 (33.4)

Transportation accident 115 (17.4) 107 (23.8)

Physical assault 109 (16.5) 50 (11.1)

Sudden accidental death 38 (5.7) 20 (4.5)

Serious accident at work, home, or during recreation 33 (5.0) 28 (6.2)

Sexual assault 33 (5.0) 18 (4.0)

Assault with a weapon 30 (4.5) 25 (5.6)

Other unwanted or uncomfortable sexual experience 30 (4.5) 14 (3.1)

Sudden violent death 24 (3.6) 16(3.6)

Severe human suffering 14 (2.1) 5 (1.1)

Life-threatening illness or injury 10 (1.5) 5 (1.1)

Fire or explosion 9 (1.4) 4 (0.9)

Combat or exposure to a war zone 1 (0.2) 0 (0)

Captivity 0 (0) 4 (0.9)

Serious injury, harm, or death caused by you to someone else 0 (0) 3 (0.7)

Natural disaster 0 (0) 0 (0)
Relation to the event, n (%)


Event happened to me 480 (72.5) 311 (69.3)

I witnessed the event 129 (19.5) 94 (20.9)

I learned about the event 42 (6.3) 35 (7.8)

Othere 11 (1.7) 9 (2.0)
Work-related, n (%)


No 586 (88.4) 379 (84.4)

Yes 77 (11.6) 70 (15.6)
Time since the event, n (%)


Less than 1 week 241 (36.3) 218 (48.6)

Over 4 weeks 214 (32.3) 113 (25.2)

Between 1 and 4 weeks 144 (21.7) 90 (20.0)

It happens repeatedly 64 (9.7) 28 (6.2)

aMIRROR: Mobile Insight in Risk, Resilience, and Online Referral.

bSignificant association between sample and MIRROR outcome, P<.001.

cPTSD: posttraumatic stress disorder.

dLEC-5: Life Events Checklist for DSM-5.

eIf respondents could not select one of the event relations (happened to me, witnessed it, learned about it, work-related), they are asked to specify their relation to the event.