Table 3.

Clinical results of meta-analysis

Clinical results	Studies	Number of participants			Incidence
		Total	Music	Control	P	MD	95% CI	Heterogeneity P (I2)	Model
Pain severity
During PRR	2	80	40	40	0.27	− 1.22	− 3.38 to 0.94	0.01(85%)	Random
Back to the ward after surgery	2	80	40	40	0.60	− 0.61	− 2.91 to 1.68	0.009(85%)	Random
On POD 1	5	213	107	106	0.68	− 0.28	− 1.60 to 1.04	0.0007(79%)	Random
Anxiety degree
Before PT on POD 1	2	147	77	70	0.87	− 0.18	− 2.35 to 1.99	0.004 (88%)	Random
After PT on POD 1	2	147	77	70	0.20	− 1.49	− 3.78 to 0.79	0.001(91%)	Random
Average increase in CPM angles
On POD 1	2	141	74	67	0.0008	8.90	3.72 to 14.08	0.01(84%)	Random
On POD 2	2	141	74	67	< 0.00001	4.24	2.15 to 6.32	0.13(56%)	Random
Heart rate
Before PT on POD 1	2	147	77	70	0.54	1.23	− 2.66 to 5.13	0.49(0%)	Fixed
After PT on POD 1	3	207	107	100	0.97	0.31	− 3.53 to 3.65	0.31(16%)	Fixed
Blood pressure
Systolic blood pressure	2	90	45	45	0.52	− 2.76	− 11.10 to 5.58	0.46(0%)	Fixed
Diastolic blood pressure	2	90	45	45	0.38	− 1.80	− 5.78 to 2.19	0.83(0%)	Random
Respiratory rate	2	116	58	58	0.56	0.14	− 0.33 to 0.61	0.93(0%)	Fixed
Oxygen saturation	2	116	58	58	0.22	− 0.51	− 1.32 to 0.31	0.50(0%)	Fixed
LF/HF ratio
Before PT on POD 1	2	141	74	67	< 0.00001	− 1.00	− 1.23 to − 0.78	0.96(0%)
After PT on POD 1	2	141	74	67	< 0.00001	− 1.40	− 1.50 to − 1.30	0.98(0%)	Fixed
Before PT on POD 2	2	141	74	67	< 0.00001	− 0.90	− 0.98 to − 0.82	0.95(0%)	Fixed
After PT on POD 2	2	141	74	67	< 0.00001	− 1.60	− 1.71 to − 1.49	1.00(0%)	Fixed

PRR postoperative recovery room, MD mean difference, CI confidence interval, FPM fast-paced music, POD postoperative day, CPM continuous passive motion, LF/HF one kind index of heart rate variability