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. 2020 Oct 9;17:296. doi: 10.1186/s12974-020-01972-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Alcohol induces infiltration of peripheral macrophages into the CNS. a Alcohol-fed mice received 5% (v/v) alcohol in Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet ad libitum (EtOH) for 6 weeks while pair-fed animals received a calorie-matched liquid diet (PF). b mRNA expression of Ccl2, Ccr2, and Ccr5 was measured from the hippocampus of PF and EtOH mice. c Brain immune cells from wild-type mice fed chronic alcohol (EtOH) or a pair-fed (PF) control diet were isolated and quantified by flow cytometry gating for live, single cells. Microglia (CD11b⁺ CD45^lo) were differentiated from peripheral macrophages (CD11b⁺ CD45^hi) based on surface marker staining and infiltrating macrophages in pair- vs alcohol-fed mice. d Quantification of microglia (CD11b⁺ CD45^lo) and peripheral macrophages (CD11b⁺ CD45^hi) in PF and EtOH mice. Data are mean ± SEM, n = 4–7 mice/group. *p < 0.05 by Student’s t test