Table 2.
SWYC neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes in children with severe and moderate Zika related microcephaly, children exposed without microcephaly and neurotypical controls
| SWYC components | Study Groups | P Value (Σ2) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Severe Microcephaly |
Moderate microcephaly | ZIKV maternal infectiona | Controlsb | ||
| (n = 114) | (n = 20) | (n = 94) | (n = 46) | ||
| Development milestone (Brazil), No. (%) | |||||
| “At risk”/Needs review | 113 (99.1)c | 13 (65.0)c | 13 (13.8) | 10 (21.7) | < 0.001 |
| “Appears to Meet Age Expectations” | 1 (0.9) | 7 (35.0) | 81 (86.2) | 36 (78.3) | |
| Development milestone (USA), No. (%) | |||||
| “At risk”/Needs review | 114 (100.0)c | 14 (70.0)c | 19 (20.2) | 12 (26.1) | < 0.001 |
| “Appears to Meet Age Expectations” | 0 (0.0) | 6 (30.0) | 75 (78.8) | 34 (73.9) | |
|
Baby and Preschool Pediatric Symptoms Checklist, No. (%) | |||||
| “At risk”/Needs further evaluation or investigation | 55 (51.0) | 13 (65.0) | 40 (42.5) | 28 (63.7) | 0.70 |
| Adequate | 53 (49.0) | 7 (35.0) | 54 (57.5) | 16 (36.3) | |
| Missing | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 | |
aNormocephalic children born to mothers ZIKV PCR+
bNormocephalic children, considered neurotypical controls
cCells making the greatest contribution to significant results
Σ2test for trend: 151.6 (p < 0.0000001) OR: 1 (controls); 0.58 (ZIKV maternal infection); 6.69 (moderate microcephaly); 406.8 (severe microcephaly)
Σ2test for trend: 138.2 (p < 0.0000001) OR: 1 (controls); 0.72 (ZIKV maternal infection); 6.61 (moderate microcephaly); not calculated (severe microcephaly)