Table 2.

Relationships between Organizational Factors and Pracitioner Attitudes towards OUD Treatment in the ED

	Supports MAT for OUD in ED			Supports best practices to treat OUD				Self-efficacy to treat OUD
	OR	95% CI	p value	OR	95% CI	p value	OR	95% CI	p value
Age	0.962	0.911, 1.016	0.167	1.030	0.976, 1.087	0.282	0.976	0.924, 1.030	0.375
Female	0.596	0.265, 1.339	0.210	1.481	0.677, 3.241	0.325	0.568	0.269, 1.202	0.139
Latino	0.624	0.272, 1.432	0.271	0.761	0.348, 1.663	0.513	0.918	0.431, 1.958	0.795
Years in ED	1.054	0.767, 1.449	0.746	1.020	0.743, 1.401	0.901	1.075	0.790, 1.462	0.647
Rolea
Nurse or nurse assistant	3.201*	1.244, 8.238	0.016	2.780*	1.134, 6.817	0.025	2.010	0.846, 4.776	0.114
Manager or director	12.7934**	1.904, 85.956	0.009	4.232	0.716, 25.011	0.111	1.606	0.267, 9.672	0.605
Other	1.913	0.515, 7.106	0.333	2.881	0.844, 9.836	0.091	1.445	0.421, 4.961	0.559
High leadership	2.405	0.985, 5.872	0.054	0.504	0.218, 1.167	0.110	0.892	0.402, 1.979	0.778
Psychological safety	1.116	0.652, 1.911	0.689	1.155	0.678, 1.968	0.597	0.783	0.476, 1.287	0.335
Innovation climate	0.984	0.591, 1.640	0.952	1.974**	1.179, 3.308	0.010	0.859	0.521, 1.418	0.553
Readiness for change	7.023***	2.431, 20.285	0.000	2.512*	1.007, 6.264	0.048	0.667	0.276, 1.613	0.369
Attitudes towards EBP
Requirements	0.543*	0.325, 0.905	0.019	1.147	0.743, 1.771	0.536	0.846	0.551, 1.301	0.447
Appeal	1.814	0.889, 3.705	0.102	0.832	0.444, 1.558	0.566	1.114	0.607, 2.045	0.728
Openness	0.647	0.358, 1.172	0.151	1.216	0.678, 2.183	0.512	2.153**	1.199, 3.866	0.010
Divergence	2.151*	1.107, 4.182	0.024	1.840	0.974, 3.475	0.060	1.500	0.826, 2.723	0.183

Note. ED, Emergency Department, EBP, Evidence based practices, OUD, opioid use disorders

^aResident/Attending as reference

OR: odds ratio; SE: standard error; CI: confidence interval

^*p<0.05,

^**p<0.01,

^***p<0.001