Table 3.

Relationships between Organizational Factors and Practioner Attitudes towards Individuals with Drug Use issues in the ED

	Stereotypes of drug users			Optimism to treat people with OUD
	OR	95% CI	p value	OR	95% CI	p value
Age	0.995	0.935, 1.058	0.879	1.037	0.984, 1.092	0.173
Female	1.005	0.434, 2.320	0.992	0.499	0.232, 1.071	0.074
Latino	0.537	0.222, 1.299	0.157	1.315	0.600, 2.882	0.455
Years in ED	1.550	1.075, 2.237	0.019	0.762	0.556, 1.046	0.092
Role^a
Nurse or nurse assistant	5.747	2.020, 16.393	0.001	0.276^**	0.114, 0.668	0.004
Manager or director	0.411	0.061, 2.755	0.360	0.447	0.076, 2.631	0.373
Other	3.165	0.874, 11.494	0.079	0.460	0.14, 1.511	0.201
High leadership	0.532	0.193, 1.466	0.222	0.457	0.19, 1.101	0.081
Psychological safety	1.582	0.887, 2.825	0.121	0.947	0.569, 1.575	0.833
Innovation climate	0.847	0.486, 1.475	0.557	1.143	0.716, 1.823	0.575
Readiness for change	0.423	0.159, 1.125	0.085	1.387	0.572, 3.361	0.469
Atitudes towards EBP
Requirements	0.874	0.540, 1.414	0.583	1.048	0.677, 1.624	0.833
Appeal	0.620	0.305, 1.261	0.187	1.170	0.631, 2.169	0.618
Openness	1.558	0.829, 2.924	0.168	0.968	0.552, 1.696	0.910
Divergence	1.316	0.665, 2.604	0.431	0.417^**	0.219, 0.794	0.008

Note. ED, Emergency Department, EBP, Evidence based practices, OUD, opioid use disorders

Resident/Attending as reference

OR: odds ratio; SE: standard error; CI: confidence interval

p<0.05,

^**

p<0.01,

^***

p<0.001