Table 1.
Covariate summary statistics for individuals with and without an immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID)
| Without IMID n=213 512 |
With IMID n=53 378 |
Ulcerative colitis n=14 182 |
Crohn’s disease n=9489 |
Psoriatic arthritis n=6297 |
Rheumatoid arthritis n=23 410 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||||
| Age at study entry (years) Mean (SD) |
51.7 (17.8) | 51.6 (17.4) | 47.2 (17.0) | 41.8 (16.6) | 49.2 (13.8) | 59.0 (15.5) |
| Male sex (n (%)) | 85 383 (40.0) | 21 291 (39.9) | 7126 (50.2) | 4296 (45.3) | 3093 (49.1) | 6776 (28.9) |
| Time since GP practice registration (years). Mean (SD) | 9.1 (12.1) | 9.1 (12.3) | 7.8 (11.1) | 7.5 (10.6) | 9.2 (11.6) | 10.4 (13.5) |
| Ethnicity (n (%)) | ||||||
| Asian | 9569 (5.8) | 2434 (5.7) | 724 (6.5) | 347 (4.7) | 249 ( 4.9) | 1114 ( 5.9) |
| Black | 4121 (2.5) | 643 (1.5) | 127 (1.1) | 91 (1.2) | 22 ( 0.4) | 403 ( 2.1) |
| Mixed | 1483 (0.9) | 346 (0.8) | 85 (0.8) | 67 (0.9) | 44 ( 0.9) | 150 ( 0.8) |
| Other | 1448 (0.9) | 296 (0.7) | 93 (0.8) | 54 (0.7) | 26 ( 0.5) | 123 ( 0.7) |
| White | 148 832 (90.0) | 38 708 (91.2) | 10 099 (90.8) | 6763 (92.4) | 4727 (93.3) | 17 119 (90.5) |
| Missing | 48 059 (22.5) | 10 951 (20.5) | 3054 (21.5) | 2167 (22.8) | 1229 (19.5) | 4501 (19.2) |
| Index of multiple deprivation quintile (n (%)) | ||||||
| 1 (most deprived) | 29 144 (13.6) | 7293 (13.7) | 1689 (11.9) | 1324 (14.0) | 803 (12.8) | 3477 (14.9) |
| 2 | 32 323 (15.1) | 8274 (15.5) | 2109 (14.9) | 1518 (16.0) | 919 (14.6) | 3728 (15.9) |
| 3 | 41 379 (19.4) | 10 570 (19.8) | 2680 (18.9) | 1901 (20.0) | 1250 (19.9) | 4739 (20.2) |
| 4 | 50 087 (23.5) | 12 439 (23.3) | 3475 (24.5) | 2186 (23.0) | 1452 (23.1) | 5326 (22.8) |
| 5 (least deprived) | 56 209 (26.3) | 13 684 (25.6) | 3963( 27.9) | 2350 (24.8) | 1720 (27.3) | 5651 (24.1) |
| IMD not recorded | 4370 (2.0) | 1118 (2.1) | 266 (1.9) | 210 (2.2) | 153 (2.4) | 489 (2.1) |
| VTE risk factors (n (%)) | ||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||
| Underweight (≤18.5) | 4704 (2.2) | 1571 (2.9) | 368 (2.6) | 536 (5.6) | 60 ( 1.0) | 607 ( 2.6) |
| Normal weight (18.5–25) | 73 675 (34.5) | 19 280 (36.1) | 5721 (40.3) | 4225 (44.5) | 1576 (25.0) | 7758 (33.1) |
| Overweight (25–30) | 67 076 (31.4) | 16 664 (31.2) | 4352 (30.7) | 2446 (25.8) | 2131 (33.8) | 7735 (33.0) |
| Obese (≥30) | 44 303 (20.7) | 11 611 (21.8) | 2367 (16.7) | 1386 (14.6) | 2071 (32.9) | 5787 (24.7) |
| BMI not recorded | 23 754 (11.1) | 4252 (8.0) | 1374 (9.7) | 896 (9.4) | 459 ( 7.3) | 1523 ( 6.5) |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Non-smoker | 94 985 (44.5) | 21 620 (40.5) | 6328 (44.6) | 3917 (41.3) | 2522 (40.1) | 8853 (37.8) |
| Current smoker | 52 035 (24.4) | 13 070 (24.5) | 2574 (18.1) | 2914 (30.7) | 1519 (24.1) | 6063 (25.9) |
| Ex-smoker | 63 798 (29.9) | 18 315 (34.3) | 5147 (36.3) | 2551 (26.9) | 2232 (35.4) | 8385 (35.8) |
| Smoking status not recorded | 2694 (1.3) | 373 (0.7) | 133 (0.9) | 107 (1.1) | 24 ( 0.4) | 109 ( 0.5) |
| Alcohol intake | ||||||
| Non-drinker | 36 623 (17.2) | 10 608 (19.9) | 2371 (16.7) | 1798 (18.9) | 1035 (16.4) | 5404 (23.1) |
| Within limits | 117 939 (55.2) | 29 316 (54.9) | 7727 (54.5) | 4917 (51.8) | 3508 (55.7) | 13 164 (56.2) |
| Over recommended l imits | 30 096 (14.1) | 7145 (13.4) | 2083 (14.7) | 1228 (12.9) | 1067 (16.9) | 2767 (11.8) |
| Alcoholism | 3438 (1.6) | 823 (1.5) | 217 (1.5) | 138 (1.5) | 128 ( 2.0) | 340 ( 1.5) |
| Alcohol intake not recorded | 25 416 (11.9) | 5486 (10.3) | 1784 (12.6) | 1408 (14.8) | 559 ( 8.9) | 1735 ( 7.4) |
| Reduced mobility | 3562 (1.7) | 1022 (1.9) | 184 (1.3) | 117.2 (1.2) | 85 (1.3) | 636 (2.7) |
| Thrombophilia | 151 (0.1) | 49 (0.1) | 11 (0.1) | 11 (0.1) | 7 (0.1) | 20 (0.1) |
| Family history of VTE | 403 (0.2) | 113 (0.2) | 28 (0.2) | 27 (0.3) | 21 (0.3) | 37 (0.2) |
| History of fracture | 14 542 (6.8) | 3887 (7.3) | 978 (6.9) | 593 (6.2) | 467 (7.4) | 1849 (7.9) |
| Platelet count category (n (%)) | ||||||
| Low (<150×109/L) | 2393 (1.1) | 635 (1.2) | 141 (1.0) | 100 (1.1) | 85 (1.3) | 309 (1.3) |
| Normal (150–400×109/L) | 83 707 (39.2) | 29 655 (55.6) | 7251 (51.1) | 4610 (48.6) | 3910 (62.1) | 13 884 (59.3) |
| High (>400×109/L) | 3111 (1.5) | 4204 (7.9) | 908 (6.4) | 1158 (12.2) | 293 (4.7) | 1845 (7.9) |
| Missing | 124 301 (58.2) | 18 884 (35.4) | 5882 (41.5) | 3621 (38.2) | 2009 (31.9) | 7372 (31.5) |
| Comorbidity (n (%)) | ||||||
| Hypertension | 43 296 (20.3) | 11 298 (21.2) | 2206 (15.2) | 1043 (10.7) | 1334 (21.2) | 6809 (29.1) |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 51 377 (24.1) | 12 241 (22.9) | 2606 (18.4) | 1243 (13.1) | 1542 (24.5) | 6850 (29.3) |
| Type 2 diabetes | 12 423 (5.8) | 3466 (6.5) | 714 (5.0) | 307 (3.2) | 452 (7.2) | 1993 (8.5) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1948 (0.9) | 530 (1.0) | 98 (0.7) | 61 (0.6) | 59 (0.9) | 312 (1.3) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 4569 (2.1) | 1227 (2.3) | 251 (1.8) | 118 (1.2) | 79 (1.3) | 779 (3.3) |
| Myocardial infarction | 4325 (2.0) | 1280 (2.4) | 286 (2.0) | 125 (1.3) | 102 (1.6) | 767 (3.3) |
| Stroke | 3344 (1.6) | 818 (1.5) | 164 (1.2) | 99 (1.0) | 66 (1.0) | 489 (2.1) |
| Heart failure | 2276 (1.1) | 654 (1.2) | 129 (0.9) | 57 (0.6) | 39 (0.6) | 429 (1.8) |
| Chronic kidney disease stages 3–5 | 6936 (3.2) | 1819 (3.4) | 294 (2.1) | 168 (1.8) | 131 (2.1) | 1226 (5.2) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 5628 (2.6) | 2039 (3.8) | 359 (2.5) | 225 (2.4) | 130 (2.1) | 1325 (5.7) |
| Chronic liver disease | 992 (0.5) | 559 (1.0) | 208 (1.5) | 87 (0.9) | 61 (1.0) | 203 (0.9) |
| Malignancy | 8703 (4.1) | 2169 (4.1) | 455 (3.2) | 238 (2.5) | 211 (3.4) | 1265 (5.4) |
| Medication use (n (%)) | ||||||
| NSAID use | 49 829 (23.3) | 20 385 (38.2) | 2621 (18.5) | 1754 (18.5) | 3509 (55.7) | 12 501 (53.4) |
| Corticosteroid use | 10 438 (4.9) | 13 166 (24.7) | 3283 (23.1) | 2734 (28.8) | 893 (14.2) | 6256 (26.7) |
| Immunosuppressive medication (in primary care) | 1654 (0.8) | 18 248 (34.2) | 1830 (12.9) | 2338 (24.6) | 2801 (44.5) | 11 279 (48.2) |
| Statin use | 29 735 (13.9) | 7655 (14.3) | 1378 (9.7) | 674 (7.1) | 839 (13.3) | 4764 (20.4) |
| Antiplatelet therapy | 17 620 (8.3) | 4484 (8.4) | 871 (6.1) | 413 (4.4) | 416 (6.6) | 2784 (11.9) |
| Warfarin | 2842 (1.3) | 760 (1.4) | 150 (1.1) | 72 (0.8) | 49 (0.8) | 489 (2.1) |
| Direct oral anticoagulants | 939 (0.4) | 288 (0.5) | 49 (0.3) | 25 (0.3) | 21 (0.3) | 193 (0.8) |
| Hormone replacement therapy | 4283 (2.0) | 1359 (2.5) | 204 (1.4) | 196 (2.1) | 206 (3.3) | 753 (3.2) |
| Oral contraceptive use | 9681 (4.5) | 2434 (4.6) | 856 (6.0) | 817 (8.6) | 215 (3.4) | 546 (2.3) |
BMI, body mass index; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; VTE, venous thromboembolism.