Table 2.
Associations between immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID) and risk of VTE in unadjusted and multivariable analysis
| HR (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Patient years at risk | Events | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |
| Primary outcome: risk of VTE | |||||
| All immune mediated inflammatory diseases | |||||
| Controls | 213 512 | 1 756 381 | 3804 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Immune mediated inflammatory disease | 53 378 | 438 743 | 1532 | 1.62 (1.52, 1.71) | 1.46 (1.36, 1.56) |
| Ulcerative colitis | |||||
| Controls | 56 728 | 476 506 | 956 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Ulcerative colitis | 14 182 | 119 635 | 335 | 1.40 (1.23, 1.58) | 1.27 (1.10, 1.45) |
| Crohn’s disease | |||||
| Controls | 37 956 | 307 373 | 460 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Crohn’s disease | 9489 | 76 685 | 220 | 1.92 (1.63, 2.25) | 1.74 (1.45, 2.08) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | |||||
| Controls | 93 640 | 770 424 | 2020 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 23 410 | 19 022 | 845 | 1.69 (1.56, 1.83) | 1.54 (1.40, 1.69) |
| Psoriatic arthritis | |||||
| Controls | 25 188 | 202 078 | 368 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| All Immune mediated inflammatory diseases | 6297 | 51 400 | 132 | 1.41 (1.16, 1.72) | 1.20 (0.96, 1.52) |
| Secondary outcome: risk of PE | |||||
| All Immune mediated inflammatory diseases | |||||
| Controls | 213 509 | 1 777 837 | 1737 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Immune mediated inflammatory disease | 53 370 | 443 470 | 672 | 1.57 (1.44, 1.72) | 1.43 (1.29, 1.58) |
| Ulcerative colitis | |||||
| Controls | 56 728 | 482 186 | 452 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Ulcerative colitis | 14 182 | 120 710 | 149 | 1.35 (1.12, 1.62) | 1.23 (1.01, 1.49) |
| Crohn’s disease | |||||
| Controls | 37 956 | 310 470 | 207 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Crohn’s disease | 9489 | 77 393 | 98 | 1.96 (1.55, 2.49) | 1.69 (1.29, 2.20) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | |||||
| Controls | 93 639 | 780 883 | 916 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 23 408 | 193 534 | 373 | 1.66 (1.47, 1.87) | 1.57 (1.36, 1.80) |
| Psoriatic arthritis | |||||
| Controls | 25 186 | 204 299 | 161 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Psoriatic arthritis | 6297 | 51 833 | 52 | 1.27 (0.93, 1.73) | 1.08 (0.75, 1.55) |
| Secondary outcome: risk of DVT | |||||
| All Immune mediated inflammatory diseases | |||||
| Controls | 213 510 | 1 773 186 | 2335 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Immune mediated inflammatory disease | 53 372 | 441 330 | 978 | 1.70 (1.58, 1.83) | 1.57 (1.45, 1.71) |
| Ulcerative colitis | |||||
| Controls | 56 728 | 480 944 | 583 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Ulcerative colitis | 14 182 | 120 309 | 207 | 1.43 (1.22, 1.68) | 1.33 (1.13, 1.57) |
| Crohn’s disease | |||||
| Controls | 37 956 | 309 769 | 279 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Crohn’s disease | 9489 | 77 115 | 140 | 2.05 (1.67, 2.50) | 1.96 (1.57, 2.45) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | RA | ||||
| Controls | 93 640 | 778 523 | 1242 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 23 408 | 192 276 | 542 | 1.78 (1.61, 1.97) | 1.64 (1.45, 1.84) |
| Psoriatic arthritis | |||||
| Controls | 25 817 | 203 949 | 231 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Psoriatic arthritis | 6297 | 51 630 | 89 | 1.52 (1.21, 1.97) | 1.34 (1.01, 1.77) |
Adjusted for age, sex, IMD quintile, ethnicity, BMI category, smoking status, alcohol use category, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, type 2 diabetes, peripheral arterial disease, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, CKD stage 3–5, COPD, chronic liver disease, malignancy, reduced mobility, use of NSAIDs, antiplatelets, warfarin, DOACs, hormone replacement therapy, oestrogen contraceptives, immunotherapy, corticosteroids, statins and baseline platelet category.
BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; DOAC, direct oral anticoagulants; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; PE, pulmonary embolism; RA, rheumatoid arthritis