TABLE 5.
Sex differences
| Female | Male | p‐value | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LSM | HSM | LSM | HSM | ||||||||||||
| BASE | POST | BASE | POST | BASE | POST | BASE | POST | Time | Sex | Meal | Time × sex | Time × meal | Sex × meal | Time × sex × meal | |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 105 ± 7 | 106 ± 8 | 103 ± 8 | 105 ± 6 | 115 ± 7* | 116 ± 8* | 118 ± 8* | 119 ± 9* | .25 | <.001 | .27 | .93 | .73 | .03 | .53 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 62 ± 6 | 63 ± 8 | 63 ± 8 | 64 ± 6 | 61 ± 7 | 64 ± 7 | 63 ± 8 | 66 ± 8 | .17 | .70 | .07 | .54 | .84 | .23 | .88 |
| CVRT: Hypercapnia (%/mm Hg) | 2.4 ± 1.0 | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 2.5 ± 1.0 | 2.4 ± 1.1 | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 2.7 ± 0.7 | .72 | .58 | .42 | .75 | .61 | .88 | .14 |
| CVRT: Hypocapnia (%/mm Hg) | 1.9 ± 0.5 | 1.8 ± 0.7 | 1.8 ± 0.8 | 1.8 ± 0.7 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 1.7 ± 0.7 | 1.7 ± 0.7 | .43 | .63 | .66 | .51 | .51 | .91 | .60 |
| CVCi: Hypercapnia (cm/s/mm Hg) | 0.02 ± 0.02 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | .54 | .27 | .70 | .40 | .68 | .24 | .49 |
| CVCi: Hypocapnia (cm/s/mm Hg) | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.02 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | .10 | .82 | .89 | .20 | .62 | .77 | .51 |
| FMD (%) | 6.0 ± 2.3 | 5.8 ± 3.6 | 5.6 ± 4.1 | 5.9 ± 3.7 | 5.2 ± 4.3 | 5.2 ± 4.4 | 5.2 ± 4.5 | 5.1 ± 3.0 | .13 | .82 | .63 | .89 | .78 | .78 | .30 |
Data presented as mean ± SD. RM Three‐Way ANOVA.
Abbreviations: BASE, baseline; BP, blood pressure; CVCi, cerebrovascular conductance index; CVRT, cerebrovascular reactivity test; FMD, flow‐mediated dilation; HSM, high Na+ meal; LSM, low Na+ meal; POST, postprandial.
*
p < .05.