TABLE 2.

Phenotypes of Akt knockouts

Receptor	Tissue	Specie	Phenotype	References
Akt1/Akt2	Whole Body	Mice	Muscle and body mass loss concurrent with reduction in TBC1D1	Jaiswal et al. (2019)
Akt1	Whole Body	Mice	Deletion in Akt2 null mice, resulted in severe hyperglycemia	Lu et al. (2012)
Akt1	Skeletal Muscle	Mice	Increased expression of two autophagic genes (Bnip3 and garabap1)	Reynolds et al. (2012)
Akt1	Whole Body	Mice	Weighed significantly less and had 15% less lean mass than wild type	Goncalves et al. (2010)
Akt1	Skeletal Muscle	Mice	Significant decrease in mass compared to wild type in the following muscles: extensor digitorum longus (EDL), gastrocnemius, anterior	Goncalves et al. (2010)
Akt2	BAT	Mice	Targeted adipocyte lineages generated smaller adipocytes that correlated with the appearance of tissue atrophy. Non‐targeted lineages on the other hand showed hypertrophy. Essentially, a redistribution of fat	Sanchez‐Gurmaches et al. (2019)
Akt2	Whole Body	Mice	Mildly diabetic	Lu et al. (2012)
Akt2	Whole Body	Mice	Weighed significantly less and had a 44% decrease in fat mass compared to wild type	Goncalves et al. (2010)
Akt2	Skeletal Muscle	Mice	Decrease in the mass compared to WT in gastrocnemius and EDL, but a 21% increase in soleus mass.	Goncalves et al. (2010)
Akt2	Hepatic	Mice	Decreased liver weight, de novo lipogenesis, and triglyceride levels; Inhibition of steatosis	Leavens et al. (2009)