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. 2020 Oct 9;10:16893. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-73756-z

Table 3.

Motor and non motor evaluations in Parkinson’s disease according to the presence of impulse control disorders.

ICDs negative ICDs positive p value
Number of subjects 535 78
Family history PD N 145 (27.1) 25 (32.05) 0.43
Age at onset Age (mean ± SD) 58.42 ± 9.43 54.28 ± 9.88 < 0.001
Disease progression time Years (mean ± SD) 5.42 ± 4.51 6.25 ± 3.87 0.008
UPDRS score (mean ± SD) II OFF 2.66 ± 1.79 3.34 ± 2.27 0.009*
II ON 1.69 ± 1.80 1.79 ± 1.99 0.72*
III OFF 22.4 ± 10.97 24.52 ± 12.75 0.22*
III ON 16.18 ± 8.27 15.86 ± 7.74 0.98*
IV 1.91 ± 2.37 2.48 ± 2.42 0.19*
Phenotype (undetermined/PIGD/Tremor) N 80/205/248 17/33/28 0.13
Dominant hemibody N 30/1/149/89/166/100 2/0/24/14/24/14 0.82
Motor fluctuations N (%) 169 (31.56) 29 (37.18) 0.75*
Dyskinesias N (%) 92 (17.19) 14 (17.95) 0.68*
NMSS Score (mean ± SD) 41.33 ± 33.77 60.37 ± 42.48 < 0.001*
PDSS Score (mean ± SD) 116.83 ± 25.63 102.58 ± 25.84  < 0.001*
REM sleep behaviour disorder N (%) 198 (37) 35 (44.87) 0.19
BECK (depression yes) N (%) 262 (48.97) 51 (65.38) 0.004*
BECK score (mean ± SD) 8.24 ± 7.02 12.46 ± 8.51 < 0.001*
BECK-depression inventory Score (mean ± SD) 8.25 ± 7.02 12.47 ± 8.51  < 0.001*
Subclinic/minor/major 79/89/94 19/16/16 0.38
No depression vs subclinic 273/79 27/19 0.007*
No depression vs minor 273/89 27/16 0.02*
No depression versus major 273/94 27/16 0.11*
FOG Score (mean ± SD) 3.38 ± 4.23 5.73 ± 5.73 < 0.001*
MMSE Score (mean ± SD) 29.21 ± 1 29.15 ± 1.1 0.22*
PD-CRS Score (mean ± SD) 91.64 ± 15.67 92.56 ± 17.44 0.36*
Non CI/MCI/dementia 374/151/3 55/22/1 0.76*
Fronto-subcortical 63.74 ± 14.39 64.93 ± 15.88 0.49*
Posterior cortical 27.89 ± 2.99 27.63 ± 2.89 0.16*
NPI (severity × frequency) Score (mean ± SD) 5.48 ± 7.32 8.6 ± 10.28 0.005*
PDQ-39 Score (mean ± SD) 15.64 ± 12.36 23.38 ± 14.93 < 0.001*
WHOQOL-8 Score (mean ± SD) 7.33 ± 1.58 6.97 ± 1.61 0.11

Results for univariate test:chi-square test, t test or Wilconxon test.

Significant p values are in bold.

ICDs impulse control disorders, FOG Freezing of Gait Scale, UPDRS Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, N number of subjects, NMSS Non Motor Symptoms Scale, NPI Neuropsychiatry Inventory, PD Parkinson’s disease, PD-CRS Parkinson’s Disease Cognitive Rating Scale, PDQ-39 39 items Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire, PDSS Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale, REM rapid eye movements, SD standart deviation, WHOQOL-8 8 items World Health Organization Quality of Life.

*Results for multivariate analysis: multivariate linear regression or multivariate logistic regression adjusted by age, age at onset and years of disease evolution.