Table 2.
Observational Cohort Studies Investigating the Association Between AS Consumption and Risk of Development of T2D
| Authors and Year | Number and Age of Participants | Follow-up Period | Main Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Palmer et al56 2008 | 43,960 women (21–69 years) |
4 years | No association was found between diet soft drink consumption and incidence of T2D |
| Nettleton et al22 2009 | 5011 adults (45–84 years) |
7 years | Daily diet soda intake was associated with a 67% higher risk of developing T2D |
| de Koning et al19 2011 | 40,389 male health professionals (40–75 years) |
20 years | Relationship of artificially sweetened beverages consumption and risk of T2D was observed in the age-adjusted analysis. However, in the multivariate-adjusted analysis no relationship was found |
| Bhupathiraju et al24 2013 | 74,749 female nurses (30–55 years) |
24 years | Significant association was observed between caffeine-free artificially sweetened soft drinks and incidence of T2D after multivariable adjustment for BMI and energy intake |
| Bhupathiraju et al24 2013 | 39,059 healthcare professional men (40–75 years) |
22 years | No association was found between caffeinated or non-caffeinated artificially sweetened beverage intake and risk of T2D after multivariable adjustment |
| The InterAct Consortium25 2013 | 34,234 adults (39–69 years) |
16 years | No relationship was observed between artificially sweetened beverage intake and the incidence of T2D after multivariable adjustment for BMI and energy intake |
| Fagherazzi et al21 2013 | 66,118 women (46–59 years) |
14 years | Significant association was described between high consumption of artificially sweetened beverages (>630 mL/week) and the development of T2D |
| Sakurai et al23 2014 | 2037 men (35–55 years) |
7 years | Daily consumption of diet soda was positively associated with increased risk of T2D after multivariable adjustment |
| O’Connor et al26 2015 | 24,653 adults (40–79 years) |
10.8 years | Significant association was found between artificially sweetened beverage consumption and incidence of T2D. Yet, after adjusting for adiposity (BMI and waist circumference) this became insignificant |
| Ma et al57 2016 | 1685 adults (43–61 years) |
14 years | No association was found between diet soda intake and increased prediabetes risk |
| Fagherazzi et al20 2017 | 61,440 women (46–59 years) |
18 years | Significant association was observed between AS consumption in packets or tablets and development of T2D after adjustment for BMI |
| Huang et al58 2017 | 64,850 women (50–79 years) |
8.4 years | Consumption of artificially sweetened beverages was associated with a 21% higher risk of developing T2D |
| Gardener et al59 2018 | 2019 adults (59–79 years) |
11 years | Strong positive association was found between diet soda intake and the development of T2D. Yet, after adjusting for BMI this became null |
| Jensen et al60 2020 | 1359 adults (25–60 years) |
8 years | No association was found between AS consumption and the risk of T2D |