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. 2020 Oct 6;13:9865–9874. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S266649

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© 2020 Chen et al.

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The regulatory mechanisms of TEAD in cancer biology. Upstream Hippo signaling pathway and downstream transcriptional outputs of TEAD4. TEAD4 associates with transcriptional factors such as TCF-4, ERα, AP-1, and IRF3 to enhance the stability of the transcriptional complex. The TEAD4 transcriptional outputs play critical roles in cancer progression, metastasis as well as stem cell maintenance. VGLL proteins directly compete with YAP for TEAD4 binding. Tead4 is the unique member of the TEAD family to localize to the mitochondrion and maintain mitochondrial energy homeostasis. TEAD4-S is a truncated isoform of TEAD4 spread in both the nucleus and cytoplasm, which inhibits proliferation and EMT in cancer cells.