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(A) Chemical structure of RNA and N3′→P5′ phosphoramidate DNA (3′-NP-DNA). The phosphodiester linkages of RNA and the phosphoramidate linkages of 3′-NP-DNA are highlighted in red. (B) Chemical structure of ribonucleotides and 3′-amino-2′,3′-dideoxyribonucleotides (3′-NP) activated with 2-aminoimidazole (2AI) (3′-NH2-2AIpddN, where N signifies the identity of the nucleobase). (C) Chemical structure of 2-aminoimidazolium-bridged 3′-amino-2′,3′-dideoxy-dinucleotide.
