Fig. 4.

Synthesis and validation of mast cell stabilization by MCS-01. a Chemical synthesis of MCS-01. In rat RBL-2H cells MCS-01 reduced b Ca²⁺ influx measured as % relative fluorescence of Fluo-4, c β-hex release measured as % of total β-hex in cell lyses at 30 min, and d TNFα release measured at 3 h of MCS-01 stimulation (0.033–30 µM) after thapsigargin (Tg, 1 µM) activation (n = 3). MCS-01 (100 µM) treatment inhibited SP (2 μM)-mediated e β-hex release (after 30 min pre-treatment), f TNFα or g IL-8 release (after 24 h pre-treatment) from human mast cells. h Development of MCS-0-releasing bandage for topical delivery: the schematic of alginate bandage fabrication. Mixture of alginate polymer, laponite, and MCS-01 drug is added to acrylic molds and is frozen at − 20° C. The molds are then placed in a lyophilizer to remove ice crystals, leaving polymer meshes with large voids. The dried polymer meshes are then placed in a large 100 mM CaCl₂ bath for 15 min to form ionic cross-linking for gelation. Alginate bandages are formed. i In vitro release of MCS-01 from alginate bandages. Data shown as mean ± SD (n ≥ 3, *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001) (Ref. [89])