Table 2.
EBRT outcomes and toxicity
| Study | CEBM Level of Evidence | n | Technique, energy | Total dose (Gy) | Gy/fraction | Mean FU (mo) | LR 1y (%) | LR 5y (%) | OS | Cosmesis rating (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Good | Fair | Poor | ||||||||||
| Abbatucci, 1988 | 2b | 675 | Muller RT 100, 1000R/min | 31 | 10.2 | 24 | 1 | 5.3 | NR | 47.5 | 50.1 | 2.4 |
| Avril, 1997 | 1b | 20 | 85-250 kV | 60-65 | 2-4 | 41 | 1.2 | 7.5 | 72.6 | 76 | 20 | 3 |
| Caccialanza, 2005 | 2b | 110 | 55-120 kV | 45-70 | 5 | 28.8 | NR | 10.4 | 98.2 | 74.8 | 13.5 | 1.8 |
| Caccialanza, 2009 | 2b | 671 | 55-120 kV | 30-75 | 5 | 38 | 2.5 | 5.7 | NR | 74.5 | 22.4 | 2.4 |
| 60+23 | 2+5 | 38 | ||||||||||
| Lovett, 1990 | 2b | 325 | kV, MV, and MeV | 40-60 | 1-4 | 24 | NR | 14 | NR | 88.3 | 3.0 | 6.8 |
| Mazeron, 1989 | 2b | 71 | MV, Mev, Co-60 | 30.6-70 | 2-10.2 | >24 | 19a | NR | NR | 52 | 37 | 11 |
| 639 | ~100kV | 4.8a | NR | NR | 61 | 22 | 17 | |||||
| Van Hezewijk, 2010 | 2b | 159 | 4-12 MeV | 54 | 3 | 42.8 | 1.5 | 2.5 | NR | 62 | 13 | 25 |
| 275 | 44 | 4 | 42.8 | 2 | 3.9 | NR | 67 | 33 | 0 | |||
| Ashby, 2001 | 2b | 360 | 5-7 MeV, MV | 24 | 6 | 12 | 0.7 | 4.3 | 98.9 | NR | NR | NR |
| Chan, 2007 | 2b | 464 | 45-100kV | 22.5 | 22.5 | 18 | 1 | 8 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| 499 | 20 | 20 | 18 | 3 | 10 | NR | NR | NR | NR | |||
| Cognetta, 2012 | 2b | 1715 | 80 kV | 35 | 7 | 31.5 | 1.1 | 5 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Hernandez, 2007 | 2b | 710 | 14-50 kV | 45-56 | 4 | 12 | 1.9 | 5.9 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| 36 | 9 | |||||||||||
| Hall, 1986 | 2c | 19 | 130 kV | 35 | 7 | 12 | 0 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| 30 | 38 | 3.8 | 24 | 6.7 | ||||||||
| Grossi Marconi, 2016 | 2b | 521 | 80-200 kV | 50 | 3 | 44 | NR | 0.8 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| 55 | 3 | |||||||||||
| 500 | 60 | 2 | 44 | NR | 2.7 | NR | NR | NR | NR | |||
| Pampena, 2015 | 2b | 275 | 50-300 kV | 37 | 5 | 30.4 | 1.1 | 5.5 | 69.5 | NR | NR | NR |
| 161 | 45 | 3 | 34.3 | 1.2 | 3.7 | 83.9 | NR | NR | NR | |||
| Schulte, 2005 | 2b | 1019 | 10-100 kV | 45 | 5 | 77 | NR | 4.5 | 74.4 | NR | NR | NR |
| 245 | 60 | 5 | NR | 6.9 | 57.1 | NR | NR | NR | ||||
| Silva, 2000 | 2b | 47 | 100-250 kV, MV MeV, Co-60 | 18-20 | 18-20 | 40 | 6.2 | 21.8 | 63.8 | NR | NR | NR |
| 123 | 35 | 7 | ||||||||||
| 68 | 43-45 | 4-5 | ||||||||||
| 41 | 50-65 | 2-3 | ||||||||||
| Tsao, 2002 | 2b | 34 | 75-250 kV, 9-20 MeV | 35 | 7 | 35 | 5 | 15 | 58 | NR | NR | NR |
| 20 | 45 | 5 | ||||||||||
| 10 | 50 | 3 | ||||||||||
| 11 | 20 | 20 | ||||||||||
| Zagrodnik, 2003 | 2b | 148 | 20-50 kV | 40-48 | 8 | 48 | 6.4 | 15.8 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| 40-52 | 4 | |||||||||||
| 52-60 | 2 | |||||||||||
Abbreviations: BED: biologically equivalent dose; CSS: cancer-specific survival; EBRT: external beam radiation therapy; FU: follow-up; Gy: Gray; n: number of patients per group; NR: not reported; LR: local recurrence; OS: overall survival
Note: Gy and BED rounded to whole numbers. LR rounded to nearest tenth. Combined cells apply to all doses as they were the only results given in their respective studies. Bold line separates studies with cosmesis, above, from studies without cosmesis, below. For technique/energy, kv implies orthovoltage photons, MV implies megavoltage photons, MeV implies electrons, Co-60 implies Cobalt units.
a
LR at 2 years