Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics
| M + M group (n=35) | M + P group (n=34) | M + E group (n=36) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr), mean±SD | 54.8±8.3 | 56.1±5.6 | 55.1±6.5 | 0.729 |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.666 | |||
| Male | 17 (48.6) | 13 (38.2) | 17 (47.2) | |
| Female | 18 (51.4) | 21 (61.8) | 19 (52.8) | |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean±SD | 24.0±3.6 | 24.7±3.6 | 24.7±3.4 | 0.654 |
| Cigarette smoking, n (%) | 5 (14.3) | 4 (11.8) | 3 (8.3) | 0.570 |
| Alcohol intake, n (%) | 12 (34.3) | 14 (41.2) | 12 (33.3) | 0.765 |
| ASA status, n (%) | 0.657 | |||
| I | 34 (97.1) | 34 (100) | 36 (100) | |
| II | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 3 (8.6) | 4 (11.8) | 6 (16.6) | 0.706 |
| Diabetes | 3 (8.6) | 5 (14.7) | 5 (13.9) | 0.810 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.8) | 1.0 |
| Chronic liver disease | 1 (2.9) | 1 (2.9) | 1 (2.8) | 1.0 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 1 (2.9) | 2 (5.9) | 5 (13.9) | 0.270 |
| Transient cerebral ischemia | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.8) | 0.820 |
| Baseline vital sign, mean±SD | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 120.0±11.8 | 122.8±13.9 | 124.0±13.7 | 0.438 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 70.2±9.2 | 72.7±9.1 | 75.0±8.2 | 0.079 |
| Heart rate (/min) | 71.2±11.2 | 74.1±12.2 | 74.3±10.7 | 0.450 |
| O2 saturation (%) | 97.6±1.5 | 97.6±1.5 | 97.4±1.7 | 0.835 |
ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation.