Table 2.
Outcomes of Endoscopic Ultrasonography-Guided Gastroenterostomy Using a Lumen-Apposing Self-Expandable Metal Stent
| Study | Study design | Sample size | Etiology of GOO | Technique | Technical success (%) | Clinical success (%) | Rate of AEs (%) | Details of the AEs | GOO recurrence/reintervention (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barthet et al. (2015) [8] | Case series | 3 | Benign=1 | NOTES=3 | 100 | 100 | 33 | Misdeployment=1 | 0 |
| Malignant=2 | |||||||||
| Khashab et al. (2015) [9] | Multicenter retrospective cohort | 10 | Benign=7 | Direct=1 | 90 | 90 | 0 | None | 0 |
| Malignant=3 | Balloon-assisted=9 | ||||||||
| Itoi et al. (2016) [10] | Prospective cohort | 20 | Malignant=20 | EPASS=20 | 90 | 90 | 10 | Misdeployment=2 | 0 |
| Tyberg et al. (2016) [11] | International multicenter retrospective cohort | 26 | Benign=9 | NOTES=2 | 92 | 85 | 11.5 | Peritonitis=1 | 0 |
| Malignant=17 | Direct=3 | Bleeding=1 | |||||||
| Balloon-assisted=13 | Pain=1 | ||||||||
| Ultraslim endoscope-assisted=5 | |||||||||
| Nasobiliary tube-assisted=3 | |||||||||
| Khashab et al. (2017) [12] | International multicenter retrospective cohort (EUS-GE vs. surgery) | 30 | Malignant=30 | Direct=2 | 87 | 87 | 16 | Misdeployment=3 | 3 |
| Balloon-assisted=6 | Abdominal pain=2 | ||||||||
| EPASS=22 | |||||||||
| Perez-Miranda et al. (2017) [13] | International multicenter retrospective cohort (EUS-GE vs. surgery) | 25 | Benign=8 | Direct=6 | 88 | 84 | 13.6 | Bleeding=2 | 0 |
| Malignant=17 | Balloon-assisted=9 | Peritonitis=1 | |||||||
| Ultraslim endoscope-assisted=7 | |||||||||
| Nasobiliary tube-assisted=3 | |||||||||
| Brewer Gutierrez et al. (2017) [14] | Multicenter case series (EUS-GE with EUS-BD) | 7 | Malignant=7 | Direct=5 | 100 | 100 | 0 | None | 0 |
| Balloon-assisted=2 | |||||||||
| Chen et al. (2017) [15] | International multicenter retrospective cohort (EUS-GE vs. enteral stenting) | 30 | Malignant=30 | Direct=2 | 88 | 84 | 10 | Bleeding=2 | 0 |
| Balloon-assisted=6 | Peritonitis=1 | ||||||||
| EPASS=22 | |||||||||
| Chen et al. (2018) [16] | International multicenter retrospective cohort (for only benign diseases) | 26 | Benign=26 | Direct=15 | 96 | 84 | 11.5 | Misdeployment=2 | 4.8 |
| Balloon-assisted=7 | Gastric leakage=1 | ||||||||
| EPASS=4 | |||||||||
| Chen et al. (2018) [17] | Multicenter retrospective cohort (direct vs. balloon assisted) | 74 | Benign=25 | Direct=52 | 94.2 | 92.3 | 6.8 | Misdeployment=5 | 9.5 |
| Malignant=49 | Balloon-assisted=22 | ||||||||
| Ge et al. (2019) [18] | Retrospective cohort (EUS-GE vs. enteral stent) | 22 | Malignant=22 | Direct=22 | 100 | 96 | 18.1 | Misdeployment=2 | 4.5 |
| LAMS mesh erosion=1 | |||||||||
| Stent ingrowth=1 | |||||||||
| Kerdsirichairat et al. (2019) [19] | Multicenter retrospective cohort | 57 | Benign=23 | Direct=57 | 93 | 90 | 3.5 | Leakage=1 | 14.0 |
| Malignant=34 | Hemoperitoneum=1 | ||||||||
| James et al. (2020) [20] | Retrospective cohort (for only benign diseases) | 22 | Benign=22 | Direct=14 | 95.4 | 95.4 | 18.2 | Abdominal pain=1 | 22.7 |
| Severe bleeding=1 | |||||||||
| Stent migration=1 | |||||||||
| Penetrating colon=1 | |||||||||
| Wannhoff et al. (2020) [21] | Retrospective cohort | 35 | Benign=2 | Direct=36 | 80 | 74.3 | 14.3 | Peritonitis=3 | 10 |
| Malignant=33 | Others=2 | Perforation=1 | |||||||
| Misdeployment=1 |
AEs, adverse events; EPASS, endoscopic ultrasonography-guided double balloon-occluded gastrojejunostomy bypass; EUS-BD, endoscopic ultrasonography-guided biliary drainage; EUS-GE, endoscopic ultrasonography-guided gastroenterostomy; GOO, gastric outlet obstruction; LAMS, lumen-apposing self-expandable metal stent; NOTES, natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery.