Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with COVID-19
| Variables | Total (n = 108) |
Survivors (n = 28) |
Non-Survivors (n = 80) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 66.0 (57.0–73.8) | 59.0 (32.3–69.5) | 67.5 (59.3–75.0) | 0.0024 |
| Sex | 0.0054 | |||
| Female | 35 (32%) | 15 (54%) | 20 (25%) | |
| Male | 73 (68%) | 13 (46%) | 60 (75%) | |
| Current smoker | 10 (9%) | 1 (4%) | 9 (11%) | 0.45 |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| Hypertension | 47 (44%) | 5 (18%) | 42 (53%) | 0.0015 |
| Diabetes | 20 (19%) | 4 (14%) | 16 (20%) | 0.58 |
| COPD | 5 (5%) | 1 (4%) | 4 (5%) | 1 |
| CHD | 16 (15%) | 4 (14%) | 12 (15%) | 1 |
| CKD | 6 (6%) | 3 (11%) | 3 (4%) | 0.18 |
| CLD | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Malignancy | 4 (4%) | 0 | 4 (5%) | 0.57 |
| Surgery history | 24 (22%) | 2 (7%) | 22 (28%) | 0.033 |
| Hospital stay, days | 10.0 (6.0–15.0) | 12.5 (8.0–15.8) | 9.0 (6.0–13.8) | 0.13 |
| Time from symptom onset to admission, days | 9.0 (6.0–12.0). | 4.0 (3.0–9.0) | 10.0 (7.3–13.0) | 0.0004 |
| Time from admission to ICU, days | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) | 0.26 |
| Symptom | ||||
| Fever | 91 (84%) | 24 (86%) | 67 (84%) | 1 |
| Cough | 83 (77%) | 21 (75%) | 62 (78%) | 0.78 |
| Sputum | 49 (45%) | 9 (32%) | 40 (50%) | 0.102 |
| Fatigue or myalgia | 54 (50%) | 12 (43%) | 42 (53%) | 0.38 |
| Nausea or vomiting | 10 (9%) | 3 (11%) | 7 (9%) | 0.71 |
| Diarrhoea | 17 (16%) | 3 (11%) | 14 (18%) | 0.55 |
| DVT | 22 (20%) | 0 | 22 (28%) | 0.0008 |
| GIB | 6 (6%) | 1 (4%) | 5 (6%) | 1 |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 3 (3%) | 0 | 3 (4%) | 0.57 |
| SIC score (ISTH ≥ 4) | 34 (31%) | 1 (4%) | 33 (41%) | < 0.0001 |
| DIC score (ISTH ≥ 5) | 42 (39%) | 0 | 42 (53%) | < 0.0001 |
| SOFA score | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | < 0.0001 |
| Anti-coagulation therapy | 42 (39%) | 1 (4%) | 41 (51%) | < 0.0001 |
Abbreviations: COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CHD, coronary heart disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CLD, chronic liver disease; ICU, intensive care unit; DVT, deep vein thrombus; GIB, gastrointestinal bleeding; SIC, sepsis-induced coagulopathy; DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation; SOFA, sequential or sepsis-related organ failure assessment.