Table 2.
Four main groups in Ph-like ALL
| Category | Kinase gene | Representative alterations | Target therapy |
|---|---|---|---|
| JAK-STAT signaling | CRLF2 | mutations (F232C), fusions (CSF2RA, IGH, P2RYS) | JAK inhibitor |
| EPOR | fusions (IGH, IGK, LAIR1, THADA) | JAK inhibitor | |
| TYK2 | fusions (MYB, SMARCA4, ZNF340) | TYK2 inhibitor | |
| TSLP | fusions (IQGAP2) | JAK inhibitor | |
| SH2B3 | Deletion/mutations | JAK inhibitor | |
| IL7RA | mutations, indels | JAK inhibitor | |
| JAK1 | mutations (V658F) | JAK inhibitor | |
| JAK2 | mutations (R683G), fusions (ATF7IP, BCR, EBF1, ETV6, PAX5, SNX29, SSBP2, ZNF340) | JAK inhibitor | |
| JAK3 | mutations | JAK inhibitor | |
| IL2RB | fusions (MYH9) | JAK inhibitor | |
| ABL signaling | ABL1 | fusions (ETV6, FOXP1, NUP214, RANBP2) | Imatinib/dasatinib |
| ABL2 | fusions (PAG1, RCSD1, ZC3HAV1) | Imatinib/dasatinib | |
| CSF1R | fusions (MEF2D, SSBP2, TBL1XR1) | Imatinib/dasatinib | |
| LYN | fusions (GATAD2A, NCOR1) | Imatinib/dasatinib | |
| PDGFRA | fusions (FIP1L1) | Imatinib/dasatinib | |
| PDGFRB | fusions (ATF7IP, ETV6, SNX29, SSBP2, ZMYNDS) | Imatinib/dasatinib | |
| Ras signaling | NRAS | mutations | |
| KRAS | mutations | ||
| PTPN11 | mutations | ||
| NF1 | Mutations/deletions | ||
| BRAF | mutations | ||
| CBL | fusions (KANK1) | ||
| Other signaling | FLT3 | FLT3-ITB, fusions (AMYM2) | FLT3 inhibitor |
| NTRK3 | fusions (ETVS) | NTRK3 inhibitor | |
| FGFR1 | fusions (BCR) | Ponatinib | |
| PTK2B | fusions (KDM6A, STAG2, TMEM2) | FAK inhibitor | |
| DGKH | fusions (ZFAND3) | ||
| BLNK | fusions (DNTT) |