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. 2020 Oct 9;7(5):ENEURO.0520-19.2020. doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0520-19.2020

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Protruder and retractor hypoglossal MNs in neonatal brainstem slices. A, Sagittal MRI of a neonatal mouse pup (courtesy G. A. Johnson, with permission) showing the tongue (blue hatching) and sites of fluorescent-conjugated cholera toxin injections to retrogradely label protruder (CTB555: red) and retractor (CTB488: green) MNs. B, Neonatal mouse tongue showing the location of protruder and retractor muscles. The base of the tongue is toward the top, the tip toward the bottom of the panel, and the dotted line marks the midline of the dorsal surface. The red shading near the tongue base indicates the general location of protruder muscles, and the green shading on the midlateral aspect indicates the general location of retractor muscles. C, Confocal image of a transverse coronal brainstem section with retrogradely labeled protruder CNXII MNs (red) and retractor (green) CNXII MNs. The ventral CNXII has a higher density of protruder MNs; the dorsal subdivision has a higher density of retractor MNs. Scale bar: 70 μm. D: dorsal, L: lateral.