Table 1.
Total household costs for an episode of measles (costs in 2018 US dollars and time loss in days or hours).
| INPATIENT CARE |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Timing | Type of cost | Public (n = 84) |
Private for-profit (n = 6) |
Private not-for-profit (n = 32) |
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| Mean | SE | 95% CI | n(c > 0) | Mean | SE | 95% CI | n(c > 0) | Mean | SE | 95% CI | n(c > 0) | |||||
| Before current visitA |
Direct medical | $1.22 | $0.57 | $0.09 | $2.36 | 14 | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 0 | $0.52 | $0.24 | $0.04 | $1.01 | 6 |
| Direct non-medical | $0.66 | $0.19 | $0.29 | $1.04 | 21 | $2.74 | $1.48 | -$1.06 | $6.53 | 3 | $0.84 | $0.40 | $0.02 | $1.66 | 7 | |
| Indirect | $0.99 | $0.32 | $0.35 | $1.63 | 30 | $1.56 | $0.93 | -$1.01 | $4.13 | 3 | $3.01 | $1.59 | -$0.24 | $6.26 | 9 | |
| Time loss [days] | 0.34 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.54 | 31 | 0.33 | 0.19 | −0.15 | 0.80 | 4 | 0.45 | 0.16 | 0.12 | 0.79 | 9 | |
| Current visit | Direct medical | $3.81 | $0.50 | $2.81 | $4.82 | 57 | $12.74 | $8.50 | -$9.12 | $34.61 | 4 | $13.45 | $2.31 | $8.73 | $18.17 | 26 |
| Direct non-medical | $7.92 | $0.57 | $6.79 | $9.05 | 84 | $16.68 | $4.90 | $4.08 | $29.28 | 6 | $7.19 | $1.30 | $4.53 | $9.84 | 31 | |
| Indirect | $14.14 | $2.37 | $9.42 | $18.85 | 80 | $33.76 | $11.83 | $0.93 | $66.60 | 5 | $17.78 | $4.76 | $8.06 | $27.51 | 30 | |
| Time loss [days] | 3.30 | 0.22 | 2.87 | 3.74 | 83 | 3.27 | 0.31 | 2.47 | 4.07 | 6 | 3.98 | 0.54 | 2.88 | 5.08 | 32 | |
| Follow-upA | Direct medical | $2.25 | $0.48 | $1.30 | $3.20 | 28 | $2.46 | $2.46 | -$3.86 | $8.78 | 1 | $9.34 | $1.25 | $6.77 | $11.91 | 18 |
| Direct non-medical | $7.15 | $0.86 | $5.43 | $8.87 | 48 | $3.17 | $3.17 | -$4.99 | $11.34 | 1 | $5.58 | $0.84 | $3.85 | $7.31 | 21 | |
| Indirect | $9.31 | $1.82 | $5.67 | $12.95 | 38 | $30.68 | $30.68 | -$54.50 | $115.85 | 1 | $13.99 | $2.68 | $8.46 | $19.52 | 20 | |
| Time loss [days] | 2.94 | 0.42 | 2.10 | 3.77 | 39 | 0.68 | 0.68 | −1.07 | 2.43 | 1 | 5.07 | 0.67 | 3.69 | 6.46 | 21 | |
| Total out-of-pocket expenses | $21.79 | $1.45 | $18.91 | $24.67 | 84 | $37.80 | $8.46 | $16.04 | $59.55 | 6 | $34.13 | $2.92 | $28.17 | $40.08 | 32 | |
| Total economic cost | $44.25 | $3.65 | $36.98 | $51.51 | 84 | $92.80 | $42.23 | -$15.77 | $201.36 | 6 | $65.20 | $5.74 | $53.49 | $76.90 | 32 | |
| OUTPATIENT CARE |
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| Timing | Type of cost | Public (n = 17) | Private for-profit (n = 5) | Private not-for-profit (n = 7) | ||||||||||||
| Mean | SE | 95% CI | n(c > 0) | Mean | SE | 95% CI | n(c > 0) | Mean | SE | 95% CI | n(c > 0) | |||||
| Before current visitA | Direct medical | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 0 | $0.38 | $0.38 | -$0.67 | $1.42 | 1 | $1.72 | $1.72 | -$2.50 | $5.95 | 1 |
| Direct non-medical | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 0 | $1.29 | $1.29 | -$2.29 | $4.86 | 1 | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 0 | |
| Indirect | $0.00 | $0.00 | -$0.01 | $0.01 | 1 | $0.05 | $0.05 | -$0.11 | $0.21 | 1 | $0.03 | $0.03 | -$0.05 | $0.11 | 1 | |
| Time loss [hours] | 0.01 | 0.01 | −0.02 | 0.05 | 1 | 0.47 | 0.39 | −0.61 | 1.55 | 2 | 0.05 | 0.05 | −0.07 | 0.16 | 1 | |
| Current visit | Direct medical | $0.29 | $0.18 | -$0.09 | $0.67 | 3 | $16.53 | $3.37 | $7.17 | $25.88 | 5 | $2.40 | $1.67 | -$1.69 | $6.49 | 2 |
| Direct non-medical | $1.74 | $0.67 | $0.33 | $3.16 | 14 | $1.88 | $0.49 | $0.52 | $3.23 | 5 | $0.35 | $0.27 | -$0.31 | $1.00 | 2 | |
| Indirect | $1.90 | $0.32 | $1.20 | $2.59 | 14 | $2.25 | $0.21 | $1.58 | $2.93 | 4 | $3.95 | $1.72 | -$0.27 | $8.16 | 7 | |
| Time loss [hours] | 2.77 | 0.31 | 2.13 | 3.42 | 17 | 3.00 | 0.53 | 1.54 | 4.46 | 5 | 3.62 | 0.62 | 2.11 | 5.13 | 7 | |
| Follow-upA | Direct medical | $0.47 | $0.47 | -$0.53 | $1.48 | 1 | $16.88 | $4.80 | $3.54 | $30.22 | 4 | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 0 |
| Direct non-medical | $0.03 | $0.03 | -$0.04 | $0.10 | 1 | $1.82 | $0.60 | $0.17 | $3.48 | 4 | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 0 | |
| Indirect | $0.03 | $0.03 | -$0.03 | $0.09 | 1 | $2.41 | $0.34 | $1.34 | $3.49 | 4 | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 0 | |
| Time loss [hours] | 0.13 | 0.13 | −0.14 | 0.40 | 1 | 2.70 | 0.87 | 0.29 | 5.11 | 4 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Total out-of-pocket expenses | $2.54 | $0.79 | $0.87 | $4.21 | 15 | $38.78 | $7.36 | $18.34 | $59.21 | 5 | $4.47 | $2.94 | -$2.72 | $11.66 | 2 | |
| Total economic cost | $4.13 | $0.97 | $2.06 | $6.20 | 17 | $42.55 | $8.20 | $19.78 | $65.32 | 5 | $8.45 | $3.16 | $0.72 | $16.18 | 7 | |
Notes: SE, Standard Error; n, number of caregivers; n(c > 0), number of caregivers who incurred costs greater than $0.
A
Includes costs incurred at public and private healthcare facilities and providers.