Alcohol effects in the hypothalamic and microglial exosomes. In in vivo studies, exosomal activity was determined by measuring CD13 protein levels in the MBH of AD, PF, and AF offspring (A), and CD13 activity levels (at 60, 120, 240, and 360 min) in the MBH for AD, PF, and AF without (B) and with minocycline (C). Data are mean ± SEM (n = 4-7/group). *p <0.05, AF versus AD and PF. **p < 0.01, AF versus AD. #p < 0.01, AF versus PF. In in vitro studies, the activity of exosomes was determined by measuring the level of CD13 proteins 24 h after 0 or 50 mm ethanol treatment (D), CD13 activity levels at various time points (0-240 min) with various doses of ethanol (0-100 mm; E), and changes of MMP2 protein levels 24 h after treatment with various doses of ethanol (F) in microglial cells in primary cultures. Data are mean ± SEM (n = 4-6/group). **p < 0.01, ethanol versus control. *p < 0.05, 25 mm ethanol versus control. ***p < 0.001, 50 mm and 100 mm ethanol versus control.