Table 1.
Characteristics of the set 2 participants
| AD (n = 13) | MCI (n = 5) | Controls (n = 32) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 79.9±6.6 | 81.8±3.9 | 71.9±8.4 | 0.002a |
| Male, n (%) | 4 (30.8%) | 1 (20%) | 16 (50%) | 0.245c |
| MMSE, points | 17.1±7.9 | 24.6±1.8 | not available | 0.003b |
| Results of urine test strip | ||||
| Urine protein level, n | − (12), ± (1) | − (3), ± (2) | − (19), ± (13) | 0.009c |
| Urine blood level, n | − (10), + (1), 2+ (2) | − (5) | − (31), + (1) | 0.085c |
| Urine glucose level, n | − (13) | − (13), 4+ (1) | − (16), ± (4), 2+ (1), 3+ (2), 4+ (1) | 0.005c |
| Type 2 diabetes, n (%) | 1 (7.7%) | 2 (40%) | 25 (78%) | <0.0001c |
| Urinary creatinine, mg/dL | 74.3±35.2 | 74.2±34.4 | 101.8±55.7 | 0.181a |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables. AD, Alzheimer's disease; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination.
a
Analysis of variance.
b
Fisher's exact test.
c
Unpaired t test with Welch's correction.