FIGURE 1.

Silencing NbQM/NbRPL10 in Nicotiana benthamiana enhances multiplication of nonhost pathogen Pseudmonas syringae pv. tomato T1. (a) Visualization of developmental changes in N. benthamiana plants individually inoculated with TRV::NbRPL10s (silences both NbRPL10A and NbRPL10B), TRV::NbRPL10A, TRV::NbRPL10B, and TRV::GFP (control; GFP does not have any sequence similarity to plant DNA and therefore will not cause gene silencing). Three weeks after TRV inoculation, N. benthamiana plants were vacuum‐infiltrated with host pathogen P. syringae pv. tabaci or nonhost pathogen P. syringae pv. tomato T1 at 10⁴ cfu/ml concentration. Photographs were taken 3 days postinoculation (dpi). (b) and (c) Quantification of host and nonhost bacterial multiplication in TRV::NbRPL10‐silenced and TRV::GFP inoculated plants at 0, 3, and 5 dpi. Bars represent average values of three biological replicates and experiments were repeated three times with similar results. Error bars indicate standard error. Different letters above the bars indicate a significant difference from two‐way analysis of variance at p < .05 with Tukey's HSD means separation test (α = .05) within a time point among respective control and silenced plants.