(A) Bortezomib does not activate uninfected CD + T cells. Uninfected human primary CD4+ T cells were stimulated for 24 h with DMSO, PMA and PHA, MG132, or bortezomib at the indicated concentrations. Cells were stained with anti-CD69 antibody and measured by FACS. (B) Percent viability was estimated using forward/side scatter and the percentage of live lymphocytes in 10,000 total cells analyzed. Data are presented with viability of untreated cells set to 100%. Experiments were repeated with three independent donors, each with three technical repeats. A representative experiment, from a single donor, is presented. Error bars represent standard error of the mean (***p < .001, **p < .01).