Table 1.
Patient characteristics by diuretic exposure in 48–72 h after meeting acute respiratory distress syndrome criteria
| Patient characteristicsa (units) | No diuretic in 48–72 h after ARDS | Received diuretic in 48–72 h after ARDS | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. of patients | 118 | 116 | |
| Demographics: | |||
| Gender (female) | 35 (30%) | 42 (36%) | 0.29 |
| Race (non-white) | 26 (23%) | 15 (13%) | 0.07 |
| Age (years) | 56 (17) | 57 (15) | 0.59 |
| Admission weight (kg) | 82.5 [66.1-104.4] | 82.5 [70.1-102.4] | 0.63 |
| Comorbidities: | |||
| Congestive heart failure | 38 (32%) | 61 (53%) | 0.002 |
| Chronic lung disease | 38 (32%) | 37 (32%) | 0.96 |
| Cirrhosis | 5 (4%) | 4 (3%) | 0.75 |
| ARDS risk factors: | |||
| Sepsis | 57 (48%) | 55 (47%) | 0.89 |
| Trauma | 46 (39%) | 26 (22%) | 0.006 |
| ICU admission from operating room | 17 (14%) | 21 (18%) | 0.44 |
| ICU type: | - | - | 0.0003b |
| Medical ICU | 37 (31%) | 18 (16%) | |
| Cardiothoracic ICU | 12 (10%) | 33 (28%) | |
| Trauma-surgical ICU | 38 (32%) | 27 (23%) | |
| Other ICU | 31 (26%) | 38 (33%) | |
| Prior to ARDS: | |||
| Hospital length of stay (days) | 1 [0–4] | 1 [0–3.5] | 0.44 |
| Mechanical ventilation (days) | 0 [0–1] | 0 [0–1] | 0.15 |
| SOFA score, day 0 | 10.3 (2.9) | 10.5 (2.9) | 0.64 |
| During ARDS hours 0–48: | |||
| Shock | 85 (78%) | 88 (76%) | 0.51 |
| Acute Kidney Injury | 22 (19%) | 15 (13%) | 0.23 |
| Lowest PaO2:FiO2 ≤ 150 | 118 (100%) | 116 (100%) | |
| Any CVP measured | 24 (20%) | 44 (38%) | 0.0031 |
| Any transfusion | 32 (27%) | 31 (27%) | 0.95 |
| Volume overload at 48 h | 30 (25%) | 19 (16%) | 0.09 |
| During ARDS hours 48–72: | |||
| Shock | 55 (47%) | 48 (41%) | 0.42 |
| Acute Kidney Injury | 19 (16%) | 12 (10%) | 0.19 |
| Lowest PaO2:FiO2 ≤ 150 | 11 (9%) | 16 (14%) | 0.28 |
| Any CVP measured | 10 (8%) | 32 (28%) | 0.0001 |
| Any transfusion | 13 (11%) | 6 (5%) | 0.1 |
| Weight measured | 68 (58%) | 85 (73%) | 0.012 |
| Total furosemide dosec (mg/24 h) | – | 40 [20-80] | – |
| Outcomes | |||
| RRT in first 7 days after ARDS | 5 (4%) | 2 (2%) | 0.26 |
| Duration of MV, all (days) | 7 [3–13] | 5 [3–9] | 0.034 |
| Duration of MV, survivors (days) | 5 [3–13] | 5 [3–8.5] | 0.13 |
| Discharge home self-care | 37 (31%) | 47 (41%) | 0.15 |
| Died in hospital | 30 (25%) | 16 (14%) | 0.026 |
Acute kidney injury is defined as serum creatinine ≥2 mg/dL or urine output <500 mL/day
Shock is defined as vasopressor use or mean arterial pressure <60 mmHg for two measurements
Abbreviations: ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, ICU intensive care unit; SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, CVP central venous pressure, RRT renal replacement therapy
aData shown as n (%), mean (standard deviation) or median [inter-quartile range] if not normally distributed
bp value for ICU type represents chi-square test for independence across ICU types
cOf patients who received diuretics in 48–72 h after ARDS, 108 (93%) received furosemide