Table 4.

RoB assessment for studies included in meta-analysis – NO₂. RoB Domains: CO – confounding; SB – selection bias; EA – exposure assessment; OM = outcome measurement; MD – missing data; SR – selective reporting.

a) All-cause
Author	Year	Cohort	CO	SB	EA	OM	MD	SR
Fischer	2015	DUELS	mod	low	low	low	low	low
Chen	2016	Four northern Chinese cities	mod	low	low	low	low	low
Bentayeb	2015	Gazel cohort	mod	mod	low	low	low	low
Desikan	2016	South London Stroke Register	high	high	low	low	low	low
Beelen	2014	ESCAPE	mod	low	low	low	low	low
Tonne	2013	MINAP (ACS survivors)	mod	low	low	low	low	low
Cesaroni	2013	Rome longitudinal study	high	low	low	low	low	low
Carey	2013	CPRD	mod	low	low	low	low	low
Hart	2013	Nurses Health Study	low	low	low	low	low	low
Lipsett	2011	CTS	low	low	low	low	low	low
Hart	2011	US trucking industry cohort	mod	low	low	low	low	low
Brunekreef	2009	NLCS-AIR	high	low	low	low	low	low
Jerrett	2009	Toronto respiratory cohort	mod	low	low	low	low	low
Rosenlund	2008	CHD survivors cohort	high	low	low	low	low	low
Lipfert	2006	Washington University-EPRI Veterans	mod	low	low	low	low	low
Abbey	1999	AHSMOG	mod	low	low	low	low	low
Weichenthal	2017	CanCHEC	high	low	low	low	low	low
Hartiala	2016	The Cleveland Clinic GeneBank study	mod	low	low	low	low	low
Turner	2016	ACS CPS-II	mod	low	low	low	low	low
Yorifuji	2013	Shizuoka elderly cohort	mod	mod	low	low	low	low
Filleul	2005	PAARC	mod	low	low	low	low	low
HEI	2000	Six Cities	mod	low	low	low	low	low
Yang	2018	Hong Kong elderly	mod	low	low	low	low	low
Crouse	2015	CanCHEC	mod	low	low	low	low	low

b) Respiratory
Author	Year	Cohort	CO	SB	EA	OM	MD	SR
Fischer	2015	DUELS	mod	low	low	low	low	low
Dimakopoulou	2014	ESCAPE	mod	low	low	low	low	low
Cesaroni	2013	Rome longitudinal study	mod	low	low	low	low	low
Carey	2013	CPRD	mod	low	low	low	low	low
Katanoda	2011	3 Japanease Prefectures	mod	low	low	low	low	low
Lipsett	2011	CTS	low	low	low	low	low	low
Hart	2011	US trucking industry cohort	high	low	low	low	low	low
Brunekreef	2009	NLCS-AIR	mod	low	low	low	low	low
Jerrett	2009	Toronto respiratory cohort	mod	low	low	low	low	low
Abbey	1999	AHSMOG	mod	low	low	low	low	low
Weichenthal	2017	CanCHEC	high	low	low	low	low	low
Turner	2016	ACS CPS-II	mod	low	low	low	low	low
Yorifuji	2013	Shizuoka elderly cohort	mod	mod	low	low	low	low
Yang	2018	Hong Kong elderly	mod	low	low	low	low	low
Crouse	2015	CanCHEC	mod	low	low	low	low	low

c) COPD
Author	Year	Cohort	CO	SB	EA	OM	MD	SR
Carey	2013	CPRD	mod	low	low	low	low	low
Katanoda	2011	3 Japanese Prefectures	mod	low	low	low	low	low
Hart	2011	US trucking industry cohort	high	low	low	low	low	low
Naess	2007	Oslo Cohort	mod	low	low	low	low	low
Turner	2016	ACS CPS-II	mod	low	low	low	low	low
Crouse	2015	CanCHEC	mod	low	low	low	low	low
Gan	2013	Vancover	high	low	low	low	low	low
Yorifuji	2013	Shizuoka elderly cohort	mod	mod	low	low	low	low
Yang	2018	Hong Kong elderly	mod	low	low	low	low	low

d) ALRI
Author	Year	Cohort	CO	SB	EA	OM	MD	SR
Carey	2013	CPRD	mod	low	low	low	low	low
Katanoda	2011	3 Japanese Prefectures	mod	low	low	low	low	low
Turner	2016	ACS CPS-II	mod	low	low	low	low	low
Yorifuji	2013	Shizuoka elderly cohort	mod	mod	low	low	low	low
Yang	2018	Hong Kong elderly	mod	low	low	low	low	low